Page 94 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

lNTE1U\' ATlONAL LA\\' AND TH E SEA 99

Submerged transit or overnight of straits 12. \Vhat does freedolll of the high sens include within the meaning
Entrance of naval vessels into semi-enclosed areas of the phrase?
J 3. \Vhat is me<1nt by the term residl/I/m of authority in the
The growing pressures for more exploitation of the resources
economic zone?
from the seas make it exceedingly important tor the m,lritime
nations to come to agreement ill many areas. Our capacity to 14. \·Vhat is thc key legal difference between the territorial sea and
exploit the seabeds, engage in advanced scientific research, fish, the economic zone beyond the 12-mile limit?
conduct ocean commerce, regulate pollution, conserve natu- 15. \Vhat self-defense measures maya nation take in the
ral resources, and conduct peaceful navill operations are all inter- economic zone?
related issues, each dependent in some respect on internntional 16. \Vhat particular resources are now becoming ilvailable from
accords on the law of the sea. the seabed and subsoil of the continental shelf?

17. How does the Geneva Convention on the Contincntal Shelf
define the term colltinclltal shelj?
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 18. \,Vhere is there now special activity in continental shelf oil
exploration and exploitation?
1. \Vhat is the basis of modern sea law as accepted by all 19. \Vhat are the nautical rules of the road designed to do?
maritime nations?
20. \Vhat type of court hears cases involving ship collisions on the
2. A. \Vhat is meant by the term territorial sen? high seas?
B. \Vhat territorial sea width docs the United States recognize?
3. \·Vhat arc the three main precepts of the international law of
CRIT ICAL THINKING
the sea?
J. Givcn thc greatly increased ranges of modern artillery and
4. \Vhat has been the purpose of the United Nations Law of the
missiles, do you think the cLirrent 12-mile limit tor tcrritoriill
Sea Conferences?
seas is still villid, or should it be extended? \ Vhy or why not?
5. \Vhat is meant by the term illllOCCllt passage?
2. Hesearch the kinds of minerals being extracted fromlhe
6. How are submarines affected by rules applying to innocent
continental shelves around the United States. \·Vhere are there
passage?
significant efforts being undertaken?
7. A. \Vhat is an archipelagic nation?
B. \Vhat are some problems that might arise regarding them
VOCABULARY
from the standpoint of ship transits?
8. \Vhat has been the basic controversy concerning gtllfs and tcrritorial sea thal\\'eg
bays as regards the territorial sea of a littoral nation? innocent passage high seas
contigllolls zones economic zone
9. A. \Vhat are rivers that lie entirely within one countr), called?
continental shelf residuum of authority
B. If they form a boundar), between two or more countries,
littoral state exploit;.ltion rights
what are the), called'
internal waters archipelagic nation
10. \ Vhat factor determines the boundary line between nations on
inland waters admiralty court
,lIl international river?
11. \Vhat rules govern the use of major canals by belligerent
nations?