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For future curriculum development in Malaysia, the emphasis given on domains should be
studied and can be relabelled to match the nature of children bearing in mind their interests and
traits of children at preschools. Perhaps the framework for preschool should be unique matching
the needs of pre-schoolers but has a connection to subjects and skills studied in primary education.
Furthermore a lesson or two can be learnt from the frameworks of Singapore and the Philippines.
Singapore’s framework clearly stipulates what a teacher needs to do in order to achieve their key
stage outcomes. The framework of the Republic of Philippines also clearly depicts the
approaches, practices and principles, which teachers need to adopt in teaching and learning. This
will help teachers to clearly see what they are required to do in order to begin teaching and
engaging their pupils in preschools. A more comprehensive and unique framework for preschool
can be developed in Malaysia as the approach undertaken in teaching and learning differs from
primary and secondary schooling.

CONCLUSION

All three contained the crux of child development principles and philosophies based on
the interests and needs of children at the pre-primary age. The frameworks are unique to each
nation and is relevant for nation building and to producing individuals who will be valuable
citizens in future.

REFERENCES

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines. (2013). Standards and Competencies for
Five-Year Old Filipino Children. Department of Education.
Kilpatrick, William Heard. (2004). Philosophy of Education. Roshan Offset Printers, 242- 243,
306
Ministry of Education, Malaysia. (2017). National Preschool Standards-Based Curriculum.
Putrajaya: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education, Republic of Singapore. (2013a). Nurturing Early Learners: A Curriculum
Framework for Kindergartens in Singapore. Ministry of Education
Ministry of Education, Republic of Singapore. (2013b). Educators’ Guide: Overview. Ministry of
Education
Ministry of Education, Republic of Singapore. (2010). Nurturing our Young for the Future:
st
Competencies for the 21 Century. Retrieved from
http://www.deped.gov.ph/press-releases/k-12-learners-generation-innovators.
Retrieved on 25 January, 2018
Sleeter, Christine E. (2005). Un-Standardizing Curriculum: Multicultural Teaching in the
Standards-Based Classroom. Teachers College Press, 105

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