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Assessing Stress (continued)  67










                Weaknesses   Items are designed to     measure state anxiety rather  than stress. However, anxiety  is an outcome of stress.






                 Measures state anxiety   and depression in a  specific clinical setting.   that takes approx  10 min for the patient to   The state aspect of   the questionnaire can  determine anxiety in a  specific situation (i.e. at  dressing change) rather  than in a more general  se


                        items),
            An evaluation of a selection of psychological measures of stress
                Strengths      Short scale (14-   complete.      term   complete.







                 Designed for use in   medical out-patient  clinics to detect clinical   cases of anxiety and  depression and to assess  the severity of anxiety   and depression.   Designed to measure   state and trait anxiety   in adults. Clearly   differentiates the  temporary conditio




                Purpose






                  The Hospital Anxiety   and Depression Scale  (HADS), (Zigmond and   1983 )   The State Trait Anxiety   Inventory (STAI),   1977 )




                Table 3.3      Measure   Snaith       (Spielberger
   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98