Page 402 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

368 Chapter 11

23. During pressure-controlled ventilation, a(n) _______ airflow resistance or _______ compliance would
reduce the delivered flow and tidal volume.
A. increased, increased C. decreased, increased
B. increased, decreased D. decreased, decreased

24. Tachypnea, agitation, accessory muscle use, active expiration, muscle fatigue, and respiratory failure are
signs of:

A. patient-ventilator dyssynchrony. C. anxiety.
B. hyperventilation. D. decreased metabolic rate.

25. On a flow waveform, failure of the expiratory flow to return to baseline is indicative of _______ and
this condition may lead to _______ and possibly auto-PEEP.
A. incomplete inspiration, gas trapping
B. incomplete inspiration, hypoventilation
C. incomplete expiration, gas trapping
D. incomplete expiration, hypoven tilation

26. In the presence of excessive airway resistance, the expiratory flow is _______ and the expiratory time is
_______.
A. increased, prolonged C. decreased, prolonged
B. increased, shortened D. decreased, shortened

27. A decreased C leads to a higher expiratory peak flow, a _______ PIP, and a _______ expiratory time.
LT
A. higher, longer C. lower, longer
B. higher, shorter D. lower, shorter

28. A delay of positive pressure waveform (i.e., lack of ventilator response) in spite of a normal negative pres-
sure waveform (i.e., good patient effort) is indicative of:
A. inadequate line pressure.
B. ventilator malfunction.
C. dysfunction of the inspiratory valve or sensitivity setting.
D. electrical malfunction.

29. Failure of the expiratory flow to return to the zero baseline is indicative of:
A. gas leak or air trapping. C. power failure.
B. airflow obstruction. D. high lung compliance.

30. When a circuit leak occurs in the presence of PEEP, pressure in the circuit drops to the sensitivity setting
below the PEEP level and _______ develops and leads to extremely _______ mechanical breaths.
A. auto-PEEP, slow C. autotriggering, slow
B. auto-PEEP, fast D. autotriggering, fast

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