Page 401 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Ventilator Waveform Analysis 367

15. In constant flow and descending ramp flow ventilation, the rise in alveolar pressure (P ALV ) is directly
related to _______ and inversely related to _______.
A. compliance, volume delivery C. volume delivery, compliance
B. compliance, airflow resistance D. volume delivery, airflow resistance

16. At constant T , a decreased flow leads to (See Figure 11-15):
I
A. higher V and P ALV . C. lower P and P ALV .
T
TA
B. higher V , P , and P ALV . D. lower V , P , and P ALV .
T
TA
T
TA
17. During descending ramp flow ventilation, a higher end-flow leads to a _______ V and P and it
T
TA
_______ affect the P ALV . (See Figure 11-16.)
A. larger, does C. smaller, does
B. larger, does not D. smaller, does not
18. When peak flow is constant (square), _______ are _______ related.
A. V and P ALV ; directly
T
B. V , T and P ALV ; directly
I
T
C. V and P ALV ; inversely
T
D. V , T and P ALV ; inversely
I
T
19. In pressure-controlled ventilation, _______ are typically set by the operator.
A. rate and I:E ratio C. pressure level and rate
B. pressure level and I:E ratio D. pressure level, rate, and I:E ratio

20. In pressure-controlled ventilation, the flow level and V delivered are primarily dependent on the:
T
A. tidal volume.
B. tidal volume and lung characteristics.
C. pressure level set and patient effort.
D. pressure level set and lung characteristics.

21. During inverse ratio pressure-controlled ventilation, the patients are usually sedated and paralyzed in
order to prevent:
A. barotrauma. C. hyperventilation.
B. dyssynchrony with the ventilator. D. hypoxia.

22. In pressure support ventilation, only the _______ level is set and under normal condition, _______ are
primarily under the patient’s control.
A. pressure support; flow, volume, and inspiratory time
B. tidal volume; flow, volume, and inspiratory time
C. PEEP; flow and volume
D. plateau pressure; inspiratory time and volume

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