Page 399 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Ventilator Waveform Analysis 365

for professionals in respiratory care as yet, and the level of expertise is unknown.
Those with knowledge and experience know that waveform analysis improves pa-
tient care and that it is a very useful tool in ventilator management. However, these
improvements need to be studied and supported through research. There is still much
to learn. Hopefully the knowledge you gain through study of this work will help serve
that purpose.

Self-Assessment Questions

1. The ascending ramp and sine flow waveforms are not used for positive pressure ventilation because the
initial flow rate is _______ for most patients. These two waveforms may be appropriate for _______
ventilation.
A. too high, control C. not sufficient, control
B. too high, intermittent mandatory D. not sufficient, intermittent mandatory

2. In volume, pressure and flow waveforms, time in seconds is displayed along the _______ axis.
A. x- or horizontal C. y- or horizontal
B. x- or vertical D. y- or vertical

3. Tidal volume can be calculated or determined by measuring the _______ under a _______ waveform.
A. slope, flow/time C. area, flow/time
B. slope, pressure/time D. area, pressure/time

4. The area enclosed under the expiratory flow waveform should _______ the area under the inspiratory
flow waveform. If the expiratory volume is less than the inspiratory volume, _______ may be present.

A. be greater than, airflow obstruction
B. be equal to, airflow obstruction
C. be greater than, circuit leak or gas trapping
D. be equal to, circuit leak or gas trapping

5. In assist/control mode, the I:E ratio is variable because the _______ time of a breath is dependent on the
beginning of the _______ breath.
A. inspiratory, preceding C. expiratory, preceding
B. inspiratory, following D. expiratory, following

6. On a pressure waveform, PEEP is present when the end-expiratory pressure rests:
A. at 0 cm H O. C. above 0 cm H O.
2
2
B. below 0 cm H O. D. above 5 cm H O.
2
2

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