Page 764 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation
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730 Index
Operating modes (continued) Oxygen transport, 702
continuous positive airway pressure, 91 Oxygenation
controlled mandatory ventilation, 92–94, 93f, 94t criteria for weaning, 520t, 522–524
high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, 115–116 defined, 380
intermittent mandatory ventilation, 96–97, 97f effects of compliance on, 10
inverse ratio ventilation, 113–114 extracorporeal membrane, 384–385
mandatory minute ventilation, 100–102, 102t and intubation, 162–163
negative pressure ventilation, 83–84 setting changes and, 375t
neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, 115 status assessment, 255–257, 256t
positive end-expiratory pressure, 87–90 strategies to improve, 380–386, 380t
positive pressure ventilation, 84 Oxygenation failure, 5, 16–18
pressure support ventilation, 102–104 and central nervous system, 44
pressure-controlled ventilation, 109–110 signs of, 17–18
pressure-regulated volume control, 107–108
proportional assist ventilation, 105–106 P
spontaneous, 86–87
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, P 1 O 2 , 13t
97–100 P (A-a) O 2 , 256, 256t, 523–524, 569
volume ventilation plus, 108–109 PaCO 2 , 194, 221
volume-assured pressure support, 106–107 measurement, 255
Operative tube thoracostomy, 465 trend, 217
Opioid analgesics, 442–447, 444t ventilator rate needed for desired, 699–700
Optimal PEEP, 383, 383t, 495–496, 497t and weaning, 521
Oral intubation, 154–155, 163, 164t P (a-et) CO 2 gradient, 264, 264t
Organ failure, 433–434 Pain, adverse outcomes associated with, 443t
Oronasal mask, 200, 200f, 201t Pain and suffering, 219, 533
Oropharyngeal airway, 126–128 Pain control, assessment of, 446, 447t
defined, 126 Pancuronium bromide, 434t, 437t
insertion of, 128, 128f Pandemics, 590, 591t
selection of, 127 PaO 2 , 194, 218
types of, 126–127, 127f assessment of, 255–257
OSA. See Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and body temperature, 245
Oscillating waveform, 72f and ECMO, 569
Otis Equation, 105f interpretation of oxygenation status using, 17t
Output alarms, 76 and respiratory rate, 245
Output waveforms, 70–75, 71f and weaning, 522
Overfeeding, 406, 406t PaO 2 /F I O 2 , 256t, 522–523, 689
Oxygen PaO 2 /PAO 2 , 256t
consumption, 293 PAP. See Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
diffusion, 15–16 PAP diastolic-PCWP gradient, 291
and PEEP, 381 Paralysis
toxicity, 381 benefits of, during controlled ventilation, 431t
and ventilation, 381 monitoring depth of, 437–438
Oxygen consumption index, 293 Parasympathetic bronchodilators, 423, 426–427
Oxygen content, 695–696 Parasympathetic nervous system, 422, 423f, 424t
Oxygen delivery, 31 Partial ventilatory support (PVS), 220, 527–528
and cardiac output, 31 Passy-Muir, 177
positive pressure ventilation and, 32f, 311 Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony, 345–352, 348f
Oxygen index, 569, 696 Patient-ventilator system assessment, waveforms for,
Oxygen saturation 345–352, 346f
mixed venous, 294–295 Pavulon, 434t, 437t
monitoring, 258–260 PCV. See Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV)
and pulse oximetry, 258–260 Peak alveolar pressure, 317
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