Page 765 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Index 731

Peak flow, 333 settings, 225
Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), 6, 6t, 8, 8f, 29–30, 229, titration of, 361–362
314 titration of optimal, 495–496
PEEP. See Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using, to reduce effects of auto-PEEP, 393
Pendelluft, 562 weaning from, 384, 384t
Percent inspiratory time, 227 Positive pressure ventilation, 29t, 58f, 84, 195t
Perfluorocarbon (PFC), 568 abdominal considerations, 39
Perfusion index (PI), 260 cardiovascular considerations, 30–34
Permissive hypercapnia, 378–379, 379f, 494–495 conditions that limit volume delivered by, 29t
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn case defined, 28
study, 676–678 effects of, 26–49
PetCO 2 , 261 flow waveforms during, 311–312, 311f
pH, 569 gastrointestinal considerations, 40
Pharmacotherapy, 420–460 hemodynamic considerations, 34, 35t
central nervous system agents, 439–448 hepatic considerations, 38
GI function and, 40t neurologic considerations, 43–44
to improve ventilation, 422–430 noninvasive, 192–211
metered-dose inhalers, 430–431 nutritional considerations, 40–43
neuromuscular blocking agents, 431–438 and pulmonary arterial pressure, 288–289, 289f
other agents, 448–454 pulmonary considerations, 28–30
Pharyngealtracheal lumen airway (PTLA), 139–140, 139f renal considerations, 35–38
Phase variables, 60–63, 63f and speaking valves, 178
Phonate, 177 Positive pressure ventilator, 58
Phosphate supplement, 407 Post-abdominal surgery case study, 625–628
Physiologic deadspace, 11–12, 12t Postbronchoscopy care, 477
Pilot balloon, 160 Postbronchoscopy complications, 477
Pirbuterol, 425t Postcapillary-mixed venous O 2 saturation gradient, 291
Piston drive mechanism, 54–55, 54f Postcapillary-mixed venous PO 2 gradient, 291
Plateau pressure, 6, 6t, 8, 8f, 317, 379 Potassium, 37t, 402, 403t
Pleth variability index (PVI), 260 abnormalities, 404–405, 434–435
Pleural pressure, 89–90, 233 normal, 701
Pneumatic control circuit, 56 Power setting, 566
Pneumatic drive mechanism, 55 Predicted body weight (PBW), 222t
Pneumonia, ventilator-associated, 399–400 Prednisolone, 420t
Pneumothorax, 476 Prednisone, 420t
Poiseuille’s Law, 3, 53, 397 Preintubation assessment, 156–157
Porcine, 551t Preload, 276, 292t
Portable oxygen concentrator (POC), 607 Premature birth, 21t
Portable ventilators, 604–607, 606t Pressure alarms, 76
Posey cufflator, 173f Pressure compensation, 604
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 30, 34, 36t, Pressure control-IRV (PC-IRV), 114
195t, 197 Pressure controller, 57–59
and ARDS, 495 Pressure gradient, 82
complications of, 89–91 Pressure support (PS), 67–68, 195t, 223–224
defined, 87 Pressure support ventilation (PSV), 102–104, 102f, 223,
and functional residual capacity, 63 340–343
and hepatic perfusion, 38 adjusting rise time during, 341
and increased intra-abdominal pressure, 39, 39t characteristics of, 104t, 340f
indications for, 87–88 indications for, 103
initiation of, 383–384 and weaning, 525, 527–529
optimal, 383, 383t, 497t Pressure waveforms, 72–73, 72f
and oxygen, 381 Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), 28, 66, 66f, 67f,
physiology of, 89 109–110, 110f, 195t, 220, 311, 339f, 566

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