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C HAP TE R 32 / Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors 757

Women
Caucasian African-American Mexican-American
80
70

60
Percent with high blood pressure 50

40
30
20
10
0
■ Figure 32-4 Prevalence of high blood pressure 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+
among U.S. women (A) and men (B) by age and A Age
race/ethnicity. (From National Center for Health Statis-
tics. National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey, Men
III, 1988–1994.)
Caucasian African-American Mexican-American
80
70
60
Percent with high blood pressure 50

40
30

20
10
0
20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+
B Age

1.9 in men. 50 LDL subclass patterns also influence CHD risk. when serum cholesterol levels are 275 mg/dL or greater, compared
52
Compared with light, buoyant LDL, small, dense LDL is associ- with levels of less than 200 mg/dL. There is evidence that nor-
ated with a three-fold increase in the risk of MI. 48 malization of serum lipids and lipoproteins reduces the CHD
Serum cholesterol levels influence prognosis after MI. The risk mortality rate. 53 Hyperlipidemia and its management are dis-
for reinfarction is 3.7 times (men) to 9.2 times (women) as great cussed in more detail in Chapter 36.

Table 32-2 ■ PREVALENCE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA* AMONG U.S. WOMEN AND MEN BY
AGE AND RACE/ETHNICITY
White (%) Black (%) Mexican-American (%)
Age Group Women Men Women Men Women Men
20–29 6.9 4.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.7
30–39 7.8 17.8 7.3 9.7 8.8 18.0
40–49 20.3 25.0 16.4 19.2 16.8 20.6
50–59 39.1 26.6 35.1 26.9 27.3 26.9
60–69 44.2 29.4 47.8 28.3 39.7 33.8
70 43.4 23.6 39.6 23.6 28.9 18.1

*On the basis of self-reported use of cholesterol-lowering medication or a total serum cholesterol value of 240 mg/dL.
From the National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994,
NHANES III Data File (CD-ROM Series II, No. 1). Public Use Data File. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997.