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Learning activities
1. List the major ECG criteria for each of the major arrhythmias 4. Discuss the antiarrhythmic therapies available for the treat-
described in this chapter ment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
2. Describe the general approaches to management of bradyar- 5. Describe the indications, mechanisms of action, dose and side
rhythmias, tachyarrhythmias and AV block effect of the major antiarrhythmics in classes I – IV.
3. Describe the ECG features which would allow differentiation of
the various supraventricular and atrial arrhythmias.
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communities/EHRA/Pages/welcome.aspx atrial fibrillation. Europace 2004; 5(Suppl1): S36–41.
European Resuscitation Council, https://www.erc.edu/index.php/mainpage/en/ 18. Kaushik V, Leon AR, Forrester JS Jr, Trohman RG. Bradyarrhythmias,
ECG temporary and permanent pacing. Crit Care Med 2000; 28(10Suppl):
ECG quizzes and teaching materials: http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ecg/, N121–8.
http://ekgreview.com/, http://biotel.ws/quizzes/ekgs/ekgs.htm, http://www. 19. Corcoran SJ, Pressley L. The slow pulse: is a pacemaker necessary? Med J Aust
ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html 1999; 170(11): 556–61.
Arrhythmia and cardiac device presentations, manuals, and learning resources, 20. Ilia R, Amit G, Cafri C, Gilutz H, Abu-Ful A et al. Reperfusion arrhythmias
http://www.hrsonline.org/ during coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction predict
Pacing resources, http://www.sjmprofessional.com/, http://www.medtronic.com/ ST-segment resolution. Coron Artery Dis 2003; 14(6): 439–41.
for-healthcare-professionals/education-training 21. Bonnemeier H, Ortak J, Wiegand UK, Eberhardt F, Bode F et al. Accelerated
idioventricular rhythm in the post-thrombolytic era: incidence, prognostic
FURTHER READING implications, and modulating mechanisms after direct percutaneous
coronary intervention. Ann Noninvas Electrocardiol 2005; 10(2): 179–87.
22. Hales M. Keep up the pace: the prevention, identification and management
Drew B, Ackerman M, Funk M, Gibler B, Kligfield P et al. Prevention of torsades of common temporary epicardial pacing pitfalls following cardiac surgery.
de pointes in hospital settings: A scientific statement from The American Heart World Crit Care Nurs 2005; 4(1): 11–19.
Association and The American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll 23. Brady WJ, Swart G, DeBehnke DJ, Ma OJ, Aufderheide TP. The efficacy of
Cardiology 2010; 55(9): 934–47.
atropine in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable bradycardia and
atrioventricular block: prehospital and emergency department consider-
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