Page 810 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S 787

can be absorbed across the mucosa of the stomach and small Organ and Tissue Authority. The peak body that works with all
intestine. jurisdictions and sectors to provide a nationally coordinated
living donor. Donor of serum, tissue or solid organs while living. approach to organ and tissue donation for transplantation to
living will. An advance directive expressing an individual’s wishes maximise rates of donation.
regarding health care if they become terminally ill and lose the orthotopic. Implantation of an organ into a normal anatomical position.
ability to make decisions. partogram. Birth suite chart that records maternal and fetal
lysis. Cellular destruction. monitoring during labour, and the progress of labour, e.g. strength
margination. Adhesion to endothelium. and frequency of contractions, fetal descent.
mechanical circulatory support. Partial or total cardiovascular percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A group of technologies
support devices such as IABP and ventricular assist devices. used to treat coronary artery disease which include percutaneous
metabolites. Substances that are used by or produced by enzyme transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), rotational, directional
reactions or other metabolic processes. and extraction atherectomy, laser angioplasty and implantation of
monophasic. Pattern of electrical flow where the current, throughout intracoronary stents.
the pulse, flows in one direction, from one electrode pad through personal information. Information by which individuals or
the heart to the other electrode pad. collectivities can be identified. This is defined in the Privacy Act
multiorgan donor. Donor of solid organs (i.e. kidneys, pancreas, heart, 1988 (Cth) as information or an opinion (including information or
lungs, liver) and tissue. an opinion forming part of a database), whether true or not, and
whether recorded in a material form or not, about an individual
multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The presence of altered whose identity is apparent, or can reasonably be ascertained, from
organ function in an acutely ill patient where homeostasis cannot the information or opinion.
be maintained without intervention. personal protective equipment. A range of equipment, such as
near-drowning. Survival for at least 24 hours after a submersion gloves, eye protection and masks that is used to protect healthcare
incident. staff from infectious diseases.
necrosis. A form of cell death characterised by cellular swelling and phagocytosis. Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms and
loss of membrane integrity as a result of hypoxia or trauma. cellular debris by capable cells.
negligence. A legal term defined as ‘causing damage unintentionally polysomnography. The continuous recording of various physiologic
but carelessly’. A court will determine negligence based on variables during sleep; these variables typically include brain wave
reasonable foreseeability that the damage might have been activity, eye movement and muscle tone.
possible, the existence of a duty of care to the person damaged, a post dilution. The administration of replacement fluid into the
breach in that duty could be demonstrated and that damages patient’s blood via the EC after its exit from the haemofilter
were indeed experienced by the victim. (post-filter delivery).
nephrologist. A medical specialist doctor who diagnoses and postpartum haemorrhage. More than 500 mL blood loss from the
prescribes treatment, including dialysis, for kidney diseases and genital tract following birth. It is categorised as primary, within the
failure. first 24 hours following birth and secondary, from 24 hours to six
New Zealand National Transplant Donor Coordination. The central weeks postpartum.
coordinating office for retrieval of organs and tissues from potential multiorgan donor. A patient who is suspected of or is
deceased donors in New Zealand. confirmed as being brain dead.
nitric oxide (NO). A gas, used as an endothelium-derived relaxant practice development. A continuous process of improvement
factor via inhalation to produce selective pulmonary vasodilation. designed to promote increased effectiveness in patient-centred
non-invasive ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation delivered via a care; enables health care teams to develop their knowledge and
nasal or facial mask (i.e. not via an ETT or tracheostomy). skills, transforming the culture and context of care.
objective assessment. Assessment that is able to be measured. preeclampsia. A multisystem pregnancy disorder resulting from
older child. A child 9–14 years of age. widespread vasospasm that is often characterised by hypertension
oliguric renal failure. Renal failure with the additional characteristic of and proteinuria.
a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in adults and 1 mL/kg/h in predilution. The administration of replacement fluid into the patient’s
infants. blood via the EC prior to its entry into the haemofilter (pre-filter
on-line water. Refers to the availability of tap water at a patient delivery).
bedside in order to further modify for the provision of a fluid as a preload. The load imposed by the initial fibre length of the cardiac
dialysis or intravenous solution used during a renal replacement muscle before contraction (i.e. at the end of diastole).
therapy. pressure ulcer. Any injury caused by unrelieved pressure that
‘opt-in’ donation. Specific consent for donation is required from the damages the skin and underlying tissue, usually over a bony
potential donors’ next of kin. prominence.
‘opt-out’ donation. A presumed consent system, where eligible pressure-controlled ventilation. A ventilatory mode used to
persons are considered for organ retrieval at the time of their minimise pulmonary volutrauma, where each breath is delivered
death if they have not previously indicated their explicit to a preset level of inspiratory pressure; tidal volumes may
objection. therefore vary.
oral hygiene. The prevention of plaque-related diseases by the use of pressure-regulated volume control. A ventilation mode in which a
mechanical toothbrushing and the use of other oral hygiene aids. mandatory rate and target tidal volume are set, and the ventilator
organ. A part of the body that performs vital function(s) to maintain delivers breaths using the lowest achievable pressure and a
life. These include the kidney, heart, lung, liver and pancreas. decelerating flow pattern.