Page 809 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

786 G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S

extracorporeal circuit (EC). The path for blood flow outside the heterotopic. Implantation of an organ into an abnormal anatomical
body. The EC includes the plastic tubing carrying the blood to position.
the filter (or haemofilter or dialyser) from the vascular access hybrid. A cross between two ‘species’; a mixture of approaches or
catheter and from the filter back to the body via the access techniques to provide renal replacement therapy, for example
catheter again. intermittent heamodialysis and haemofiltration.
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Circulation of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (HHNS). A
blood outside the body to provide total artificial support of cardiac metabolic derangement characterised by hyperglycaemia, cellular
and pulmonary function. dehydration and intravascular volume depletion, and electrolyte
eye care. Cleansing of the eyes, and the prevention of dry eyes and abnormalities. Insulin excretion is maintained in this condition, so
corneal abrasions by the use of artificial tears and measures to ketosis is not seen.
maintain eyelid closure. hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. A system, activation of
family. Those closest to the person in knowledge, care and affection, which can lead to host defence response and release of
including the immediate biological family; the family of acquisition catecholamines.
(related by marriage or contract); and the family of choice and hypothalamus. A portion of the brain controlling, among other
friends (not related biologically or by marriage or contract). things, behavioural and emotional responses.
filter or dialyzer. A tubular-shaped device, which is made up of the immunoneuroendocrine axis. The nexus between immune response
plastic casing and the capillary fibres of the semi-permeable and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the response
membrane within it. to stress.
filter life or functional life of the EC. The passage of blood through immunosuppression. Drug therapies to suppress the body’s natural
the EC, particularly if the haemofilter initiates blood clotting. response to reject non-self organs.
fulminant hepatic failure. The definition of ALF when associated with Indigenous person. Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person of
hepatic encephalopathy. Australia or Maori person of New Zealand.
gestation. The estimated gestational age of the baby in completed induction of labour. A procedure performed for the purpose of
weeks using all available obstetric information (clinical estimation, initiating and stimulating the process of labour. This may include
ultrasound, cycle length, etc.), counting from the first day of the the artificial rupture of the membranes and/or the use of uterine
woman’s last menstrual period. Commonly recorded as 35+2/40, stimulating medication.
indicating that the gestation is 35 weeks and 2 days. infant. A child under 1 year of age.
haemodiafiltration. A term which describes both convection and infection. An inflammatory response to the presence of
diffusion as mechanisms for removal of waste solutes in the microorganisms, or the invasion of normally sterile host tissue by
application of artificial kidney techniques. those organisms.
haemodialyser. A haemofilter designed principally to facilitate infection control. A series of policies and procedures aimed at
diffusion of plasma solutes from the blood. reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infection and limiting the
haemodynamic monitoring. The measurement of pressure, flow and spread of infection.
oxygenation within the cardiovascular system. innate immune system. A natural immune system.
haemofilter (blood filter). The primary functional component of the inoconstrictor. An inotrope with vasoconstrictor properties.
RRT system, responsible for separating plasma water from the inodilator. An inotrope with vasodilator properties.
blood and/or allowing the exchange of solutes across the filter intensivist. A medical specialist physician who diagnoses and
membrane by diffusion. prescribes treatment for a variety of life threatening illnesses
heat exhaustion. A severe form of heat illness that produces managed within the Intensive Care Unit.
hyperpyrexia and collapse due to the inability to sweat. intermittent haemodialysis (IHD). The diffusive treatment during
heat–moisture exchanger. A disposable humidification device that which blood and dialysate are circulated on the opposite sides
traps the water vapour from the expired breath within the filter, (within the tubes/fibres and outside the fibres) of a semipermeable
which moisturises the subsequent inhaled breaths. membrane in a counter-current direction in order to achieve
heat stroke. Form of heat illness associated with severe water or diffusive solute removal.
salt depletion due to excessive sweating and a temperature intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Mechanical assistance for a
lower than 40°C. failing heart based on the principles of diastolic augmentation
HELLP syndrome. A severe variant of preeclampsia characterised by and systolic unloading by counterpulsation of a balloon in the
haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets. aorta.
heparin. A drug used to prevent blood clotting. Administered to justice. That which concerns fairness or equity, often divided into
prevent clot formation following surgery and to prevent clotting three parts: procedural justice, concerned with fair methods of
when extracorporeal blood flow is required for dialysis or heart making decisions and settling disputes; distributive justice,
bypass operations. concerned with the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of
hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The cerebral effects of liver failure, society; and corrective justice, concerned with correcting wrongs
which may range from mild confusion to high risk of death from and harms through compensation or retribution.
severe cerebral oedema and raised intracranial pressure. legislation. The laws as deemed by the relevant Government which
hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The development of renal failure in the define death and all aspects of organ and tissue donation.
setting of severe liver disease. It probably results from a reduction limbic system. The areas of the brain involved with emotions and
in renal perfusion caused by splanchnic vasodilation, which is a memory.
consequence of the production of the vasodilator substance nitric lipase. Any enzyme that is capable of degrading lipid molecules.
oxide by inflamed liver cells. Lipase breaks down lipids into simple fatty acids and glycerol that