Page 811 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

788 G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S

privacy. Control over the extent, timing and circumstances of sharing septic shock. A subset of severe sepsis, defined as sepsis-induced
oneself (physically, behaviourally or intellectually) with others. hypotension in the presence of perfusion abnormalities despite
Implies a zone of exclusivity, where individuals and collectivities adequate fluid resuscitation.
are free from the scrutiny of others. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The term given to a new
protocol. A document that provides the background, rationale and virulent respiratory infection.
objectives of the research and describes its design, methodology, severe sepsis. Sepsis associated with organ dysfunction,
organisation, conduct, and the conditions under which it is to be hypoperfusion or hypotension.
performed and managed. skill mix. The relative mix of skilled and experienced staff in a team.
pulmonary dynamic hyperinflation. Hyperinflation of a native lung For instance, in intensive care there may be very experienced and
with an obstructive lung disease and concurrent compression of qualified registered nurses, some not so experienced nurses with
the single lung allograft leading to respiratory failure and cardiac and without critical care qualifications, and some non-nursing
tamponade. personnel who provide basic care and tasks. Poor skill mix has a
pulse oximetry. The measurement of peripheral arterial oxygen higher proportion of the lower-order groups and a good skill mix
saturation. has a higher proportion of experienced and qualified staff.
recipient. A person who receives organs and/or tissues from another slow low efficiency dialysis (SLED). A dialysis based treatment similar
person (the donor). to IHD but where dialysate and blood flow rates are reduced to
refeeding syndrome. May occur in patients who have not received provide a slower clearance rate with an extended time of
nutritional support for some time. It involves life-threatening fluid treatment (e.g. 8–10 hours instead of 3–4 hours).
and electrolyte shifts after initiation of aggressive nutritional stress. A state of mental or emotional strain or suspense.
support therapies. submersion incident. Encompasses both drowning and near-
rejection. Destruction of the allograft due to the body’s ability to drowning events without the implication of time or prognosis.
identify self from non-self.
renal replacement therapy (RRT). Any treatment that replaces renal sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Unexpected natural death from a
cardiac event reflected by an abrupt loss of consciousness and
function and includes intermittent haemodialysis and peritoneal generally less than 1 hour after onset of symptoms.
dialysis.
research. Systematic, rigorous investigation to establish facts, sympathetic nervous system. A part of the autonomic nervous
system or involuntary nervous system. It regulates tissues not
principles and new knowledge. under voluntary control (e.g. glands, heart, blood vessels and
research participant. Individual (or group of living individuals) about smooth muscle).
whom a researcher conducting research obtains data through
intervention or interaction with that person or their identifiable synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV). A
private information. ventilator mode that enables synchronisation of mandatory
respect for persons. Two fundamental aspects: (a) respect for breaths controlled by the ventilator with patient-initiated
the autonomy of those individuals who are capable of spontaneous breaths.
making informed choices and respect for their capacity systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A non-specific
for self-determination; and (b) protection of persons with syndrome that occurs as a result of a wide variety of severe clinical
impaired or diminished autonomy; that is, those individuals insults.
who are incompetent or whose voluntary capacity is technical practice development. A continuous process used to
compromised. improve an aspect of patient care.
resuscitation. The preservation or restoration of life by establishing thalamus. Midbrain structure with a significant role in relaying
and/or maintaining airway, breathing and circulation and related information from the various sensory receptors to other brain
emergency care. areas.
retrieval. The removal of organs and or tissues from a donor for the thrombotic microangiopathy. Formation of microvascular platelet
purposes of transplantation into another human being. aggregates and occasionally fibrin formation typically in the
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Signs include breathing setting of microvascular endothelium injury.
(more than a few gasps), coughing, a palpable pulse or measurable tidal volume. The volume of air that is moved into or out of the lungs
blood pressure. with each breath.
risk. The function of the magnitude of a harm and the probability of tissue. A group of specialised cells (e.g. cornea, heart valves, bone,
its occurrence. skin) that perform defined functions.
root cause analysis. A structured process of analysing each step in a tissue-only donor. Donor of musculoskeletal tissue (i.e. femur,
chain of events that led to a mistake or error. Commonly applied tibia, humerus, pelvis, ligaments, tendons, fascia, meniscus)
to the health setting, where a team of unbiased experts are called and/or cardiac tissue (i.e. bicuspid, tricuspid valves, aortic and
on to dispassionately investigate how and why an error might pulmonary tissue) and/or eye tissue (i.e. cornea and sclera)
have been caused by looking more at the system problems that and/or skin tissue.
emerged than at individual negligence. tissue typing. The process of laboratory testing to identify the human
sensory overload. A prolonged overstimulus of the senses that can leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype from the genes on
result from excessive or prolonged periods of noise, light, odours, chromosome 6 which will determine the tissue groups of a
and touch from both equipment and personnel. potential donor.
sepsis. A systemic inflammatory response to infection. transformational leadership. A style of leadership characterised by
sepsis-induced hypotension. A systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or developing a shared vision, inspiring and communicating, valuing
a reduction of ≥40 mmHg from baseline in the absence of other others, challenging and stimulating, developing trust and enabling
causes of hypotension. others.