Page 136 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

5 Diseases of Immunity 121

TABLE 5.16. CDC classification of HIV infection
Clinical categories CD41 T cell categories
1 (500 cells/mL) 2 (200–499 cells/mL) 3 (,200 cells/mL)
A.
Asymptomatic, acute primary HIV, or A1 A2 A3
persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic, not A or C conditions B1 B2 B3
B.
AIDS indicator conditions: including
C.
constitutional disease, neurologic disease
or neoplasm
Note: Data from CDC, 1993, revised classification of AIDS.

Q. Enumerate the AIDS-defining opportunistic infections and
neoplasms.
Ans. AIDS-defining opportunistic infections:

Protozoal and Helminthic

• Cryptosporidiosis or isosporidiosis (enteritis)
• Toxoplasmosis (pneumonia or CNS infection)

Fungal
• Candidiasis (oesophageal, tracheal and pulmonary infections)
• Cryptococcosis (CNS infection)
• Coccidioidomycosis (disseminated infection)
• Histoplasmosis (disseminated infection)
• Pneumocystosis (pneumonia or disseminated infection)

Bacterial Infections

• Mycobacteriosis (atypical and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; pulmonary and extrapulmonary)

• Nocardiosis (pneumonia, meningitis and disseminated infections)

• Salmonella infection
Viral
• Cytomegalovirus (pulmonary, intestinal, retinal or CNS infections)
• Herpes simplex virus (localized or disseminated infection)
• Varicella zoster virus (localized or disseminated infection)
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
AIDS-Defining Neoplasms
• Kaposi sarcoma
• B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Primary lymphoma of the brain
• Invasive cancer of the uterine cervix

Q. Write briefly on the laboratory diagnosis of AIDS.
Ans. Laboratory diagnosis of AIDS includes:
1.
Nonspecific tests
(a)
Decreased TLC
Decreased lymphocyte count (,2000/mm )
3
(b)
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