Page 516 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

17 Male Genital Tract 501

whereas levels greater than 25% indicates a low risk of cancer). Other indicators
include
• Ratio of free and bound PSA
• PSA density (ratio between the serum PSA levels and volume of prostate gland)
• PSA velocity (ratio of change in PSA value with time)
• Uses of PSA
• Diagnosis of prostatic diseases
• To assess the response to chemotherapy in cancer
• To check whether radical prostatectomy is complete or not
• To confirm the origin of metastatic deposits as prostate
• EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2): Loss of E-cadherin (adhesion protein) from prostatic
cancer cells is associated with high levels of EZH2 and may contribute to prostatic
cancer progression
• AMACR (a methylacyl-CoA racemase): AMACR is an enzyme involved in beta-oxidation of
branched amino acids and is upregulated in prostatic cancer compared to normal prostate
• PCA3: A gene on chromosome 9q that possibly encodes a regulatory RNA; it is over-
expressed in .90% cases of prostatic carcinoma.

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