Page 1608 - Williams Hematology ( PDFDrive )

1582 Part XI: Malignant Lymphoid Diseases Chapter 95: General Considerations for Lymphomas 1583

BONE 15. Kostakoglu L, Cheson BD: Current role of FDG PET/CT in lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med
Mol Imaging 41:1004–1027, 2014.
Primary bone lymphoma may involve any bone but usually affects the 16. Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Kostakoglu L, et al: Role of imaging in the staging and
long bones. 226–229 The presentation is usually bone pain and the lesions response assessment of lymphoma: Consensus of the International Conference on
Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. J Clin Oncol 32:3048–3058, 2014.
are usually lytic when imaged. 226,228 When the skull is involved the lym- 17. Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al: Recommendations for initial evaluation,
phoma may invade the central nervous system. Most patients exhibit- staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The Lug-
227
ing skeletal involvement are due to aggressive lymphomas, particularly ano classification. J Clin Oncol 32:3059–3068, 2014.
DLBCL. Management generally involves R-CHOP chemotherapy with 18. Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, et al: Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 64:9–29, 2014.
consolidative radiotherapy. 226 19. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov)
Research Data (1973–2011), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research
Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, released April 2014, based on the November
2013 submission; 2014.
BREAST 20. Skrabek P, Turner D, Seftel M: Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Transfus
The clinical presentation of primary lymphoma of the female breast Apher Sci 49:133–138, 2013.
often mimics carcinoma of the breast. A small proportion of cases 21. Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Adami HO, et al: The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: A review of
the epidemiologic literature. Int J Cancer 120 Suppl 12:1–39, 2007.
may be bilateral. The pathologic diagnosis is DLBCL in approximately 22. Chiu BC, Weisenburger DD: An update of the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin’s
85 percent of cases. BCL-2 expression is frequently present in the lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma 4:161–168, 2003.
230
tumor cells. Small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and 23. Hardell L, Eriksson M: Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures?
marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue may Environ Health Perspect 111:1704–1706, 2003.
also be the histopathologic diagnosis. 231,232 Staging may uncover either 24. Moslehi R, Devesa SS, Schairer C, et al: Rapidly increasing incidence of ocular non-
nodal involvement, marrow involvement or other extranodal sites with Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:936–939, 2006.
lymphoma in as many as half of cases. Approximately 10 percent of cases 25. Zhou Y, Wang H, Fang W, et al: Incidence trends of mantle cell lymphoma in the United
States between 1992 and 2004. Cancer 113:791–798, 2008.
of primary breast lymphoma relapse in the central nervous system. 230,232 26. Karunanayake CP, McDuffie HH, Dosman JA, et al: Occupational exposures and non-
Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Canadian case-control study. Environ Health 7:44, 2008.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS 27. Schenk M, Purdue MP, Colt JS, et al: Occupation/industry and risk of non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma in the United States. Occup Environ Med 66:23–31, 2009.
Primary adrenal lymphoma usually present bilaterally and thus may 28. Blair A: Occupational exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Where do we stand?
Occup Environ Med 63:1–3, 2006.
lead to adrenal insufficiency. In the latter case, the presenting symptoms 29. Lu Y, Sullivan-Halley J, Cozen W, et al: Family history of haematopoietic malignan-
may be fatigue, asthenia, and other signs of hypoadrenocorticism. 233–236 cies and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma risk in the California Teachers Study. Br J Cancer
Primary thyroid lymphoma often occurs in a gland afflicted by Hashimoto 100:524–526, 2009.
thyroiditis. Thus, it occurs more frequently in women than men. The 30. McDuffie HH, Pahwa P, Karunanayake CP, et al: Clustering of cancer among families
of cases with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin’s lym-
patient may present with an enlarged thyroid (goiter) or have symp- phoma (NHL), soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and control subjects. BMC Cancer 9:70, 2009.
toms as a result of tracheal compression. 237–239 The histopathology may 31. Segel GB, Lichtman MA: Familial (inherited) leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma: An
overview. Blood Cells Mol Dis 32:246–261, 2004.
be DLBCL or marginal zone B-cell MALT lymphoma. Primary pituitary 32. Hehn ST, Grogan TM, Miller TP: Utility of fine-needle aspiration as a diagnostic tech-
lymphoma is discussed under “Central Nervous System” above. nique in lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 22:3046–3052, 2004.
33. Zelenetz AD, Gordon LI, Wierda WG, et al: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, version
4.2014. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 12:1282–1303, 2014.
REFERENCES 34. Abrams J, Conley B, Mooney M, et al: National Cancer Institute’s Precision Medicine
Initiatives for the new National Clinical Trials Network. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book
1. Brill NE, Baehr G, Rosenthal N: Generalized giant lymph follicle hyperplasia of lymph 71–76, 2014.
nodes and spleen: A hitherto undescribed type. JAMA 84:668–671, 1925. 35. Hartge P, Colt JS, Severson RK, et al: Residential herbicide use and risk of non-Hodgkin
2. Ewing J: Endothelioma of lymph nodes. J Med Res 28:1–40.7, 1913. lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:934–937, 2005.
3. Symmers D: Follicular lymphadenopathy with splenomegaly: A newly recognized dis- 36. Lee WJ, Alavanja MC, Hoppin JA, et al: Mortality among pesticide applicators exposed
ease of the lymphatic system. Arch Pathol Lab Med 3:816, 1927. to chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 115:528–534,
4. Lukes RJ, Craver LF, Hall TC, et al: Report of the nomenclature committee. Cancer Res 2007.
26:1311, 1966. 37. De Roos AJ, Blair A, Rusiecki JA, et al: Cancer incidence among glyphosate-exposed
5. Lennert K, Mohri N, Stein H, et al: The histopathology of malignant lymphoma. Br J pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 113:
Haematol 31:193, 1975. 49–54, 2005.
6. National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non-Hodgkin’s lympho- 38. Lan Q, Morton LM, Armstrong B, et al: Genetic variation in caspase genes and risk of
mas: Summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. The Non- non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A pooled analysis of 3 population-based case-control stud-
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project. Cancer 49:2112–2135, 1982. ies. Blood 114:264–267, 2009.
7. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, et al: World Health Organization classification of neo- 39. Morton LM, Purdue MP, Zheng T, et al: Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated
plastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: Report of the Clinical with germline variation in genes that regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte
Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:1259–1270, 2009.
17:3835–3849, 1999. 40. Wang SS, Purdue MP, Cerhan JR, et al: Common gene variants in the tumor necrosis
8. Hiddemann W, Longo DL, Coiffier B, et al: Lymphoma classification—The gap between factor (TNF) and TNF receptor superfamilies and NF-kB transcription factors and non-
biology and clinical management is closing. Blood 88:4085–4089, 1996. Hodgkin lymphoma risk. PLoS One 4:e5360, 2009.
9. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al: WHO Classification of Tumours of Haemato- 41. Purdue MP, Lan Q, Wang SS, et al: A pooled investigation of Toll-like receptor gene
poietic and Lymphoid Tissues, ed 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 30:275–281, 2009.
2008. 42. Zhang Y, Sanjose SD, Bracci PM, et al: Personal use of hair dye and the risk of certain
10. Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al: The 2008 revision of the World Health Organi- subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Epidemiol 167:1321–1331, 2008.
zation (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: Rationale and 43. Becker S, Dossus L, Kaaks R: Obesity related hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia
important changes. Blood 114:937–951, 2009. and cancer development. Arch Physiol Biochem 115:86–96, 2009.
11. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, et al: Report of the Committee on Hodgkin’s Dis- 44. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al: Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: A
ease Staging Classification. Cancer Res 31:1860–1861, 1971. systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371:
12. Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB, et al: Report of a committee convened to discuss 569–578, 2008.
the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin 45. Chiu BC, Soni L, Gapstur SM, et al: Obesity and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Oncol 7:1630–1636, 1989. (United States). Cancer Causes Control 18:677–685, 2007.
13. Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, et al: Report of an international workshop to stan- 46. Maskarinec G, Erber E, Gill J, et al: Overweight and obesity at different times in life as
dardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: The multiethnic cohort. Cancer Epidemiol
Working Group. J Clin Oncol 17:2454–2460., 1999. Biomarkers Prev 17:196–203, 2008.
14. Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME, et al: Revised response criteria for malignant lym- 47. Willett EV, Morton LM, Hartge P, et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and obesity: A pooled
phoma. J Clin Oncol 25:579–586, 2007. analysis from the InterLymph Consortium. Int J Cancer 122:2062–2070, 2008.

Kaushansky_chapter 95_p1569-1586.indd 1583 9/21/15 12:17 PM