Page 1016 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )
P. 1016

980          Part Seven  Organ-Specific Inflammatory Disease



            On tHe HOrIZOn                                     16.  Ahluwalia N, Shea BS, Tager AM. New therapeutic targets in idiopathic
                                                                  pulmonary fibrosis. Aiming to rein in runaway wound-healing responses.
          •  Our understanding of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) and   Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:867–78.
           autoimmune-related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has evolved over   17.  Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, et al. The epidemiology of
           time. With increased emphasis being placed on diagnosis, because of   interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:967–72.
           the implications for treatment and prognosis, we are more accurately   18.  American Thoracic S, European Respiratory S. American Thoracic
           phenotyping the diseases. This has led to a better understanding of   Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary
           genetic associations, biological pathways, as well as more accurate   Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This
           identification of risk factors for disease development and progression.  joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the
          •  However, there are still many areas in need of further understanding   European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of
           and research. In the future, determining whether risk factor identification   directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am
           and modification can lead to primary and/or secondary prevention   J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.
           strategies in the treatment of immunological lung diseases will be   19.  Seibold MA, et al. A common MUC5B promoter polymorphism and
           essential.
          •  Testing if the novel antifibrotic therapies approved for idiopathic   pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1503–12.
           pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are more broadly applicable to other forms   20.  Feghali-Bostwick CA, et al. Cellular and humoral autoreactivity in
           of ILDs, including autoimmune-related ILD, will be important.  idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 2007;179:2592–9.
          •  Other therapies that target the immune system also need to be more   21.  Dreisin RB, Schwarz MI, Theofilopoulos AN, et al. Circulating immune
           carefully studied in diseases outside of IPF.          complexes in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. N Engl J Med
                                                                  1978;298:353–7.
                                                               22.  Lee CG, et al. Interleukin-13 induces tissue fibrosis by selectively
                                                                  stimulating and activating transforming growth factor beta(1). J Exp Med
        targeting the immune system as well as novel antifibrotic therapies   2001;194:809–21.
        will need to be determined.                            23.  Lynch DA, et al. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic
                                                                  pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
        Please check your eBook at https://expertconsult.inkling.com/   2005;172:488–93.
        for self-assessment questions. See inside cover for registration   24.  Ley B, Collard HR, King TE Jr. Clinical course and prediction of survival in
        details.                                                  idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:431–40.
                                                               25.  King TE Jr, et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic
                                                                  pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2083–92.
        REFERENCES                                             26.  Richeldi L, et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic
                                                                  pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2071–82.
         1.  Luzina IG, Todd NW, Iacono AT, et al. Roles of T lymphocytes in   27.  Hyzy R, Huang S, Myers J, et al. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic
           pulmonary fibrosis. J Leukoc Biol 2008;83:237–44.      pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2007;132:1652–8.
         2.  Ginhoux F, et al. Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive   28.  Katzenstein AL, Myers JL, Mazur MT. Acute interstitial pneumonia. A
           from primitive macrophages. Science 2010;330:841–5.    clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and cell kinetic study. Am J Surg Pathol
         3.  Ginhoux F, Jung S. Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways   1986;10:256–67.
           and tissue homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 2014;14:392–404.  29.  Ryu JH, et al. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia and respiratory
         4.  Hashimoto D, et al. Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally   bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease. Chest 2005;127:178–84.
           throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating   30.  Portnoy J, et al. Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease:
           monocytes. Immunity 2013;38:792–804.                   long-term outcome. Chest 2007;131:664–71.
         5.  Yona S, et al. Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes   31.  Katzenstein AL, Fiorelli RF. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis.
           and tissue macrophages under homeostasis. Immunity 2013;38:79–91.  Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg Pathol
         6.  Schulz C, et al. A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and   1994;18:136–47.
           hematopoietic stem cells. Science 2012;336:86–90.   32.  Travis WD, Matsui K, Moss J, et al. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial
         7.  Parra ER, Kairalla RA, Ribeiro de Carvalho CR, et al. Inflammatory cell   pneumonia: prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns:
           phenotyping of the pulmonary interstitium in idiopathic interstitial   survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative
           pneumonia. Respiration 2007;74:159–69.                 interstitial pneumonia. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:19–33.
         8.  Wells AU, et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: increase in   33.  Cordier JF. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Eur Respir J
           memory T-cells in lung interstitium. Eur Respir J 1995;8:266–71.  2006;28:422–46.
         9.  Simonian PL, et al. Gammadelta T cells protect against lung fibrosis via   34.  Kamen DL, Strange C. Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus
           IL-22. J Exp Med 2010;207:2239–53.                     erythematosus. Clin Chest Med 2010;31:479–88.
        10.  Wynn TA. Integrating mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. J Exp Med   35.  Hassoun PM. Pulmonary arterial hypertension complicating connective
           2011;208:1339–50.                                      tissue diseases. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009;30:429–39.
        11.  Sonnenberg GF, et al. Pathological versus protective functions of IL-22 in   36.  Mok MY, et al. Bosentan use in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
           airway inflammation are regulated by IL-17A. J Exp Med   with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Lupus 2007;16:279–85.
           2010;207:1293–305.                                  37.  Qian J, et al. Survival and prognostic factors of systemic lupus
        12.  Wilson MS, et al. Bleomycin and IL-1beta-mediated pulmonary fibrosis is   erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a
           IL-17A dependent. J Exp Med 2010;207:535–52.           PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun
        13.  Kotsianidis I, et al. Global impairment of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+   Rev 2016;15:250–7.
           regulatory T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care   38.  Schwarz MI, Lynch DA, Tuder R. Bronchiolitis obliterans: the lone
           Med 2009;179:1121–30.                                  manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis? Eur Respir J 1994;7:817–20.
        14.  Travis WD, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European   39.  Gabbay E, et al. Interstitial lung disease in recent onset rheumatoid
           Respiratory Society statement: update of the international   arthritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:528–35.
           multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.   40.  van den Hoogen F, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis:
           Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:733–48.             an American college of rheumatology/European league against
        15.  Fischer A, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American   rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1747–55.
           Thoracic Society research statement: interstitial pneumonia with   41.  Highland KB. Recent advances in scleroderma-associated pulmonary
           autoimmune features. Eur Respir J 2015;46:976–87.      hypertension. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014;26:637–45.
   1011   1012   1013   1014   1015   1016   1017   1018   1019   1020   1021