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CHaPTEr 20 Host Defenses at Mucosal Surfaces 289

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FIG 20.4 Structural Features and Cellular Components of Gut-Associated Lymphoreticular
Tissues (GALTs). (A) The dome region is covered by the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) with
its characteristic microfold or microfold (M) cells. Major features of the dome include M cells
with lymphocyte pockets, scattered plasma cells, and immature dendritic cells (DCs). The B-cell
area contains five or more germinal centers with high frequencies of surface immunoglobulin (Ig)
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A B cells. The adjacent T-cell area contains mature interdigitating DCs and precursors of CD4
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Th and CD8 CTL. (B) Structural features and cellular characteristics of mucosal effector sites.
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The lamina propria is equally populated by B1 and B2 cells, both of which differentiate into IgA
plasma cells. Note that memory B and T lymphocytes are also both present in this compartment.
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Although intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in human are mainly T-cell receptor (TCR)αβ , significant
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numbers of TCRγδ T cells are also found in this compartment.