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374            PART 6  ■  Neoplastic Disorders





               ■     ranslocations             m         mm                 DNA                                                                          Oncogenes Formed by Somatic
                                                   k  m   . A                      m                                            TABLE        20.3        Mutation of Normal Genetic Loci

                                            m     m          k                      m

                                                m     m  . T                                        k                          Oncogene                                   Disorder

                                                                    —       x  m     ,

                                                                                       m                                       Abl                                        Chronic myelogenous leukemia

                                 m        .                                                                                    Myc                                        Burkitt’s lymphoma


               ■    Deletions                                         m     m           . T                                    Ras type                                   Variety of tumors
                    m                                                                        k

                                          k,        x  m     ,       m                            .


               ■    Inversions                                         m     m                                                                                                                              q
                              ,                                          . T                                                  m       m                       k

                                          (             )                                                                                                                                                 .  B

                                                                                  .                                                                              m           ,


               ■    Addition m                      x            m     m                                                    x                                                                   x
                          m     m                 . T                             m                                        m  m                            .

                                                                   . T                             m                            T                                                         k                          -

                              m                                                  .                                                 . O                                                                        m

                                                                                                                                               m                         m        x
                    E         m                                                                              ,


                  m     m  k                                DNA                m     m   .                                                m        m             m  . T            ,                               -
               C                                             DNA  m                                                                                                               m             . I


                                                  m                            . F     x  m     ,                                       m  ,                   m                                       m
                                                                 FL    ,   -KI  ,        RAS                                         m                              . O


                  mm                               m                     k m     (AML ).                                       m           ,         m         x                                                  -
                                                                                                                                         . O                                                              x m

                                                                                                                             %       %                            m        m
               Oncogenes
                                                                                                                                                                   m                 m
               A           oncogene                              m                                                                         . M                                                ,    m

                           f                                                        -                                                                                   m            ,

                    . C                                    m                                                               (              .  ). E                                                 k   m

                                         . C         -                              m                    -                                                                               .

                            :

                                                                                                                           Tum or-Suppressing Genes
                .  T      m                                            x                               -

                                  m           z                                                m                           A

                               m                               m             .                                                         .  T        tumor-suppressing  genes                        -

                .  S  m             m                        ’                                                                                                                             m           . W

                        m           DNA.                                                                                                                                   ,           k

                .  P                            m                    mm              m’                                       m                                               m                                   ,

                                     z                                          m    .                                                                                               m                               -

                .  S  m               m                                                                                                . T    ,    m   -

                                                                            m                                                                                                               m

                                                                     .                                                            m                                                                    m
                                                                                                                                             .
                    R                                  -                                                                        T         m                                            m   -

                             . A                                                                        ,                                                 m            . I     k                     m

                           ,                                    m                         .                                 x                                                                                      -

                    M                                                                          . C                              . N   m                                                                                -

                                                                             ,                      m                                                                                j                 . D

                        z                   ,     m              DNA                                                                  m                                         m

                       . T    m                m                                                       -                        -                                                                 mm

                                                            m    m                 m   .                                              m    . Ex  m




               Protooncogenes                                                                                               .  β-I

                                                                                                                            .      m
               Protooncogenes                                                               m

                                                                       . N                          -                       .      m

                                   ,              ,                          k                                                  N   m                                                        m                     -

                                                       k                . T                        m                           m                  m         .  I                                       m
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