Page 743 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

GLOS S ARY

A aleukemic leukemia – a orm o leukemia in which little change

ab ominal ui – abnormal liquid rom the large cavity o the body is seen in the total leukocyte count or cellular maturity in the

with major organs below the diaphragm peripheral blood. An increased number o immature cells can

abetalipoproteinemia – rare herditary disorder where abnormally be ound in the bone marrow

shaped red blood cells, acanthocytes, are seen alkaline – a basic solution (pH 7.1 to 14.0) with the ability to neu-
absolute iron e ciency anemia – a decrease in total body iron tralize acids

caused by conditions such as blood loss due to chronic bleeding ALL – acute lymphoblastic leukemia

or trauma, decreased intake o iron, or increased utilization o iron allele(s) – one o two or more genes that occur at the same locus on

absolute lymphocytosis – an increase in the total number o lym- homologous chromosomes
phocytes in the circulating blood. Seen in viral in ections such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation – a trans er o primitive cells

in ectious mononucleosis and rubella (German measles) rom a donor to a recipient

absolute number – a number such as an absolute cell count where alpha granule – a type o storage granule ound in the mature platelet

the concentration o a particular type o cell is calculated using ambient temperature – temperature o surrounding environment,
the dif erential percentage o a speci c cell times the total num- or example, air temperature

ber o cells counted amniotic ui – the watery uid surrounding a etus in the womb

absolute polycythemia – see secondary polycythemia amplitu e – height or magnitude

absolute reticulocyte count – see corrected reticulocyte count amyloi osis – the abnormal deposition o amyloid, a protein, in
absorbance – optical density various tissues

acanthocytes – an abnormally shaped red blood cells seen in con- anaphase – a stage in cellular division (mitosis)

ditions such as abetalipoproteinemia, cirrhosis o the liver with anaphylaxis – a severe and o en li e-threatening reaction to a or-

hemolytic anemia or neonatal hepatitis eign protein
accuracy – describes how close a test result is to the true value anaplasia – highly pleomorphic and bizarre cytologic eatures asso-

aci osis – a condition o venous blood pH being less than 7.42 ciated with malignant tumors that are poorly dif erentiated

acquire hemolytic anemia – a condition o accelerated destruc- anemia – a condition o decreased or dys unctional erythrocytes

tion o red blood cells caused by external actors anemia o chronic iseases or isor ers (ACD), anemia o in am-
acquire immuno e ciency syn rome (also acquire immuno- mation (AOI) – a term used to describe anemia associated with

e ciency isor er) – an immune disorder caused by a virus in in ammation, chronic in ection, malignancy, or various sys-

the case o AIDS temic diseases. Also known as anemia o chronic diseases (ACD)

activate clotting time – a type o laboratory measurement o the aneuploi y – a deviation rom the diploid number o chromosomes
time required or blood to orm a clot characteristic o Hodgkin disease

activate partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) – a labora- angina – any condition characterized by spasmodic eelings o

tory assay to assay the rst stage o blood coagulation suf ocation

active transport – the movement o molecules across a cellular angiogenesis – the growth o new blood vessels
membrane that requires energy anisochromia – variation o the color o erythrocytes caused by

actomyosin (thrombosthenin) – a contractile protein ound in unequal hemoglobin concentration

platelets anisocytosis – a general term used to denote an increased variation

acute – severe and o short duration in cell size
acute bloo loss – sudden loss o circulating blood ANLL – acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia

a enopathy – swelling o the lymph nodes anomaly – a signi cant deviation rom normal

a hesiveness – in coagulation, the process o platelets sticking to anorexia – loss o appetite

the blood vessel wall anoxia – without oxygen. T e reduction o oxygen in the tissues
ADP – adenosine diphosphate below physiological levels

agammaglobulinemia – the absence or severe decrease o the antibo y – an immunoglobulin produced in response to an antigen

gamma globulin protein raction in the blood anticoagulants – substances that prevent or delay the clotting o blood

agglutination – clumping o cells antigen – a chemical substance that can elicit an antibody response
agglutinin – an antibody produced in response to a speci c antigen or can be used to identi y cells

( oreign substance) antihemophilic actor – actor VIII

aggregate – a clump o cells or particles anti–human globulin test (AHG) – previously re erred to as the

aggregation – in blood coagulation, the process in which platelets Coombs’ test. May be either a direct or an indirect test to detect
stick or clump together the presence o antibodies on erythrocytes (direct test) or the pres-

agranulocytosis – a severe lack o the normal concentration o ence o antibodies capable o coating erythrocytes (indirect test)

granulated peripheral blood cells antiphospholipi syn rome (APS) – an immune disorder character-

Al er-Reilly inclusions – abnormal purple-red particles represent- ized by elevated levels o two primary classes o antiphospholipid
ing precipitated mucopolysaccharides that are seen primarily (aPL) antibodies-anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagu-

in neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic leukocytes seen in lant. Associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis

Alder-Reilly anomaly anuclear – a cell lacking a nucleus

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