Page 744 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

728 Glossary

antithrombin – an alpha-2 globulin that circulates in the plasma basophilic granules – blue-staining granules

aplastic anemia – a congenital or genetic predisposition to bone BCP – see basic calcium phosphate
marrow ailure BCR-ABL1 usion gene – the abnormal recombination o two

apo erritin – a protein that combines with iron to orm erritin dif erent segments o genes seen in disorders such as chronic

apoptosis – programmed cell death myelogenous leukemia

appen icular skeleton – the bones o the limbs o the body Bence Jones protein – the abnormal protein requently ound in

APTT – activated partial thromboplastin time the urine o patients with multiple myeloma. It precipitates at
argon – an inert gas used in lasers 50°C, disappears at 100°C, and reappears on cooling to room

arteries – distributing blood vessels that leave the heart temperature

arterioles – microscopic continuations o arteries that give of benign – nonmalignant or noncancerous
branches called metarterioles, which in turn join the capillaries Bernar -Soulier syn rome – a disorder characterized by the largest

arthriti e – an eruption o the skin caused by gout platelets seen in a platelet disorder

arthrocentesis – entry into a joint cavity to aspirate uid beta-thalassemia – a orm o anemia in which beta-chain synthesis

arthrography – radiographic (x-ray) study o a joint is impaired

arti act – any arti cial particles seen in stained preparations, dilut- bilirubin – a breakdown product o heme rom hemoglobin
ing uids, etc. biliver in – a breakdown product arising rom the oxidation o

ascites – an abnormal accumulation o uid in the abdominal (peri- bilirubin

toneal) cavity bimo al cellular istribution – two populations o cells when mea-
aspirate – the process o physically removing, usually with a syringe, sured by size

uid rom a body cavity or space biohazar – a substance capable o causing harm

assay – the determination o the purity o a substance or the amount bite cells – an abnormal type o red blood cell

o a particular substance in a mixture or compound bit map – a polygonal gure with as many as 16 sides drawn around

ATP – adenosine triphosphate the cells to be analyzed or sorted in ow cell cytometry
atrophy – a decrease in the number or size o cells that produces a blasts – the most immature orm o cells

reduction in the size o a normal organ or tissue blast crisis – the dominance o immature blood cells in the blood

atypical antibo y – an antibody not usually ound in the blood or bone marrow o patients with a treated leukemia previously

plasma. Also re erred to as an alloantibody in remission
Auer ro s or Auer bo ies – these cellular inclusions are aggregates blister cells – an abnormal red blood cell that appear to have a blis-

o cytoplasmic granules that appear as red, elongated structures. ter-like, clear space

T ey may occur alone or in groups in myeloblasts and occasion- bloo -brain barrier – walls o blood vessels o the central nervous

ally monoblasts system that prevent or delay the entry o certain blood sub-
autoantibo y – antibodies capable o reacting with one’s own cells. stances into the brain tissue

In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, patients develop antibodies blotting – trans er or xation o nucleic acids onto a solid matrix,

that produce hemolysis o the patient’s own cells such as nitrocellulose, so that they may be hybridized with a probe

autoimmune hemolytic anemia – the destruction a nd reduction bone marrow – the material in the cavities o bones. Red marrow is
o red blood cells because o the rupturing o the cellular mem- the site o hematopoiesis

brane due to sel -directed antibodies bu er solution – a solution that will resist sudden changes in acid-

autosomal ominant – a genetic trait that expresses itsel , i pres- ity or alkalinity

ent, and is carried on one o the chromosome pairs 1 through 22 bu y coat – the inter ace layer in a tube o anticoagulated blood
axial skeleton – the bones o the head and trunk o the body between the plasma and erythrocytes. T is layer contains leuko-

azurophilic granules – granules that stain red due to azure dyes cytes and thrombocytes

burr cells – an abnormal type o red blood cell
B bursa – a small uid- lled sac

B-cell isease – disorders associated with B-type lymphocytes such burst- orming unit-erythroi – the most primitive identi able
as CLL unipotent erythroid stem cell in primitive etal cells

B cells or B lymphocytes – the primary source o cells responsible

or antibody responses C

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemias – a type o leukemia Cabot rings – ring-shaped, gure-eight, or loop-shaped inclusions

babesiosis – a tick-borne, parasitic in ection o red blood cells seen in stained erythrocytes
bacteremia – a bacterial in ection o the blood calcium pyrophosphate ihy rate – an abnormal crystal ound in

base pair – a nucleotide (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or joint (synovial) uid

uracil) and its complementary base on the opposite strand calibration – the comparison o an instrument measurement or
basic calcium phosphate (BCP) – a type o crystal that can be seen reading to a known physical constant

in joint (synovial) uid CAP – College o American Pathologists

basilic vein – an acceptable vein in the arm or venipuncture capillaries – a unit o the microcirculation that unctions as the link

basophilia – an abnormal increase in the number o erythrocytes between the arterial and venous blood circulation

with a blue appearance. T e presence o ne, evenly distrib- capillary bloo – blood obtained rom the capillaries o sites such
uted basophilic granules is re erred to as polychromatophilia in as the ngertip, toe, or heel

Wright-stained blood smears carboxyhemoglobin – a variant orm o hemoglobin that displaces

basophilic stippling – abnormal, dark-staining granules in red oxygen and creates hypoxia in carbon monoxide poisoning
blood cells car iac tampona e – a critical condition o cardiovascular com-

basophils – white blood cells (leukocyte) seen in normal peripheral promise, usually hypotension, caused by pericardial uid under

blood or bone marrow increased pressure in the enclosed sac around the heart