Page 750 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

734 Glossary

in ectious waste – the remains o materials that harbor disease- krypton – an inert gas used in lasers

causing microorganisms Kup er’s cells – cells in the liver that have the ability to engul or
in ammation – tissue reaction to injury caused by physical or phagocytize oreign particles as part o the mononuclear phago-

chemical agents, including microorganisms. Symptoms include cytic system

redness, tenderness, pain, and swelling kwashiorkor – a severe protein de ciency seen in in ants and children

interleukin 1 (IL-1) – a soluble cell mediator released by macro-

phages and activates helper cells L
interleukin-2 (IL-2) – also called cell growth actor labile – unstable

interleukins – soluble protein molecules that work with hematopoi- lamb a – equivalent to microliter (µL) or 1/1,000 o a milliliter (mL)

etic growth actors to stimulate proli eration and dif erentiation LAP – leukocyte alkaline phosphatase cytochemical stain
o speci c blood cell lines laparotomy – incision in the abdomen

international normalize ratio (INR) – the standardized expres- LASER – light ampli cation by stimulated emission o radiation

sion o a measurement o the ef ect o the anticoagulant war arin lazy leukocyte syn rome – a genetic disorder that produces a sus-

internuclear bri ging (INB) – a morphological eature seen in ceptibility to in ections in part because o poor white blood cell

myelodysplastic syndromes mobility to an entry site o in ection
intrame ullary hemolysis (catabolism) – an alternate pathway or leptocytes – an abnormal red blood cell shape

erythrocyte breakdown (hemolysis) that normally accounts or leukemia – a neoplastic proli erative disease characterized by an

less than 10% o red cell destruction overproduction o immature or mature cells o various leukocyte
intravascular catabolism – a term used to re er to the breakdown types in the bone marrow or peripheral blood

o red blood cells within blood vessels leukemoi reaction – an assay used to dif erentiate chronic myelog-

intravascular hemolysis – erythrocyte breakdown within the blood enous leukemia rom a severe in ection or in ammation that

vessels resembles leukemia

intrinsic actor (IF) – substance secreted by the parietal cells o the leukocyte – white blood cell
mucosa in the undus region o the stomach leukocyte a hesion e ciency (LAD) – a de ect that causes abnor-

intrinsic hemolytic anemia – accelerated breakdown o red blood mal binding (adherence) o phagocytic cells

cells due to caused within the cell leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) – a cytochemical stain used

intrinsic pathway (intrinsic system) – the initiation o blood clot- to dif erentiate a leukemoid reaction rom other disorders
ting begins with either the intrinsic or the extrinsic pathway. In leukocytopenia – less than the normal re erence range o total

the intrinsic pathway, coagulation begins with the activation o white blood cells (leukocytes)

actor XII to XIIa leukocytosis – a signi cant increase in the total white cell count

introns – intervening noncoding sequences o nucleotides that leukoerythroblastosis – an abnormal condition o increased imma-
determines gene unction ture orms o red and white blood cells

in vitro – in the test tube or outside the body leukopenia – a severe decrease in the total white cell count

in vivo – within the living organism leukostasis – a pathological nding o slightly dilated, thin-walled

iron e ciency anemia – lack o oxygen-carrying capacity because vessels lled with leukemic cells
o inadequate hemoglobin in red blood cells leukotrienes – a newly identi ed class o compounds that mediate

iso – equal. Isotonic saline solution has a concentration o 0.85%, the in ammatory unctions o leukocytes

which is equal to the concentration o sodium chloride in cel- Levey-Jennings chart – a quality control chart used to graphically

lular cytoplasm display the assay values o controls versus time
isoimmune – possessing antibodies to antigens o the same system LIF – leukocytosis-inducing actor. A regulator that in uences the

isoimmune hemolytic anemia – disruption o red blood cells release o neutrophils rom the bone marrow into the circula-

caused by antibodies that results in a lack o red blood cells and tory system

associated unctions lipi s – one o the three major biochemical classes. T is class
isolation technique – precautions used to prevent the transmission includes the atty acids and steroids

o disease either to or rom a patient or patient specimen lipophilic yes – stains with an a nity or atty substances

lique action – the process o conversion into liquid orm
J loop-me iate isothermal ampli cation (LAMP) – a molecular

jaun ice – a yellow appearance o the skin, sclerae, and body excretions method

JH – joining region o the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus Luebering-Rapoport pathway – an important oxygen-carrying path-
way o erythrocytes that permits the accumulation o 2,3-DPG
K lumbar puncture – a spinal uid tap into the vertebral column

kallikrein – activated Fletcher actor lupus anticoagulant – an antiphospholipid antibody
karyokinesis – the division o the nuclear membrane during cel- lympha enopathy – disease o the lymph nodes

lular division lymphoblastic leukemia – a major orm o leukemia characterized

karyorrhexis – a stage o cellular degeneration when chromatin is by the presence o increased numbers o immature lymphocytes

distributed irregularly throughout the cytoplasm in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes

karyotype – the ull complement o chromosomes in an organism lymphocyte recirculation – the ree movement o lymphocytes
kb – kilobase pairs, 1,000 bases between the blood and lymphoid tissue

keratocytes – an abnormally shaped lymphocytes – a type o leukocyte

kinins – small biologically active peptides lymphocytopenia – a severe decrease in the total number o lym-
kinin system – a system o small biologically active peptides phocytes in the peripheral blood

Kleihauer-Betke test – a semiquantitative test or etal hemoglobin lymphocytosis – a signi cant increase in the total number o lym-

knizocytes – abnormal red blood cell shape phocytes in the peripheral blood