Page 749 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

Glossary 733

hemoglobin S – sickle-type hemoglobin ound in sickle cell anemia human immuno e ciency virus (HIV) – an RNA retrovirus that

and/or sickle cell trait causes acquired immune de ciency syndrome (AIDS)
hemoglobinemia – the presence o ree hemoglobin (not mem- human stem cells – undif erentiated cells

brane-enclosed) in the blood plasma hybri ization – interaction between two single-stranded nucleic

hemoglobinopathies – inherited (genetic) de ects related to hemo- acid molecules to orm a double-stranded molecule

globin. T ese de ects may result in an abnormal structure o the hy rophilic – water-attracting

hemoglobin molecule or a de ciency in the synthesis o normal hy rophobic – water-repelling
adult hemoglobin hypercellular – accelerated blood cell production in the bone marrow

hemoglobinuria – ree hemoglobin in the urine hypercoagulable state – an increase in the likelihood o blood to

hemolysin – a substance that liberates hemoglobin rom clot in vivo
erythrocytes hyperplasia – excessive tissue growth or cellular multiplication

hemolytic anemias – a de ciency o red blood cells in the circulat- hypersegmentation – an abnormal condition in which more than

ing blood caused by a disruption o the red blood cell membrane ve nuclear segments are observed in segmented neutrophils

hemolytic isease o the newborn (HDN) – a disorder seen in hypertension – increased blood pressure

unborn and newborn in ants i maternal antibodies that cor- hypertrophy – increase in the size o cells that produces an enlarge-
respond to etal erythrocytes pass through the placental barrier ment o tissue mass or organ size

hemophilia A – classic hemophilia. A hereditary disorder that pro- hyperviscosity – decreased uidity o blood plasma because o

duces actor VIII de ciency increased blood proteins
hemophilia B – Christmas disease. A hereditary disorder that pro- hypervolemia – an increased total blood volume

duces actor IX de ciency hypochromia (a j. hypochromic) – when the central pallor o

hemophilia C – a hereditary disease that produces actor XI de ciency erythrocytes exceeds one third o the cell’s diameter

hemosi erin – granular, iron-rich, brown pigment ound in body hypolobulation – a condition o neutrophils in which normal seg-

tissues mentation ails to occur
hemosi erinuria – the presence o granular, iron-rich, brown pig- hypoproli erative isor ers – a term that may be substituted or the

ment in the urine reduced growth or production o cells, particularly erythrocytes

hemostasis – the stoppage o bleeding rom a blood vessel such as hypoproli erative anemia

heparin – an anticoagulant that acts as an antithrombin hyposegmentation – ailure o cellular nucleus to segregate into an
hepatomegaly – excessive enlargement o the liver expected number o pieces (segments)

hepatosplenomegaly – an enlarged liver and spleen hypothyroi ism – decreased thyroid activity

hepci in – a peptide hormone produced by the liver. It is an impor- hypoxia – a decrease o oxygen in the body tissues

tant constituent in the regulation o iron metabolism
here itary – inherited I

Hermansky-Pu lak syn rome – a blood coagulation disorder iatrogenic – a condition induced or relating to an illness or disorder

characterized by storage granule abnormalities o the platelets that was caused by medical examination or treatment

(thrombocytes) i iopathic – a disorder or disease without an identi able external
heterochromatin – a type o chromatin that is tightly coiled, etiology, or sel -originated

assumes a dark stain, and is genetically inactive i iopathic cytopenia o un etermine signi cance (ICUS) – a

heterogeneous – dissimilar myelodysplastic syndrome

heterozygous – in genetics, possessing the alternate characteristics immune e ciency isease – a de ect in the ability to detect anti-
on a pair o homologous chromosomes gens and/or to produce antibodies against oreign antigens

hexose monophosphate shunt – this ancillary energy-yielding immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) – a decrease in platelets caused

system is also re erred to as the oxidative pathway. T e system by an immune mechanism such as an antibody

couples oxidative metabolism with pyridine nucleotide and glu- immune thrombocytopenic purpura – large patches o blood
tathione reduction under the skin due to a decrease o platelets caused by an

high molecular weight kininogen – Fitzgerald actor immune mechanism

histogram – a pictorial display o requency and class limits o a immunity – the process o being protected rom or resistant to or-

sample eign antigens
histones – positively charged protein. Proteins associated with immunocompetent – the ability to recognize and respond to a or-

nucleic acids eign antigen

Ho gkin isease – a major orm o malignant lymphoma immuno e ciency – a dys unction in the body de ense mechanism

ho – the area o the cell cytoplasm encircled by the concavity o that detects oreign antigens and produces antibodies against them
the nucleus immunoglobulin – a protein belonging to the gamma globulin

homeostatic proli eration – balanced cell multiplication raction. Immunoglobulins are divided into ve classes, with

homeostasis – the tendency o a biological system to maintain equi- IgG being the most abundant

librium or balance immunological ys unction – re ers to immune de ciency disease
homogeneous – uni orm or same immunophenotype – the appearance o antigens associated with

homozygous – in genetics, when the genes or a trait on homolo- various types o cells

gous chromosomes are the same inci ence – the requency o an occurrence, or example, a disease

Howell-Jolly bo ies – very coarse, round, solid-staining dark-blue ine ective erythropoiesis – underper ormance in red blood cell
to purple DNA remnants seen in abnormal erythrocytes production

HTLV (human T-cell leukemia virus) – this virus amily is asso- in arct – an area o necrosis in a tissue due to obstruction o the

ciated with -cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acquired blood circulation

immune de ciency syndrome (AIDS) in ectious mononucleosis – a benign lymphoproli erative disorder