Page 535 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Spleen cells Mix these two populations Myeloma cells mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
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PART VII Immunology
524
that do not make
from animal
immunized
any immunoglobulins
against antigen
of interest
of cells and add fusing agent

Fused cells (hybridoma cells)
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are selected in special medium
and unfused cells die

in a well and monitored for production
of monoclonal antibody against antigen
of interest

FIGURE 59–1
Production of monoclonal antibodies.

folded, repeating segments called domains. An L chain con-
binding, whereas the constant region of the heavy chain is
sists of one variable (V ) and one constant (C ) domain.
L
L
Most H chains consist of one variable (V ) and three con-
responsible for various biologic functions (e.g., comple-
H
ment activation and binding to cell surface receptors). The
stant (C ) domains. (IgG and IgA have three C domains, both the light and heavy chain are responsible for antigen-
H
H
mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com s t n e m g a r f b a F mebooksfree.com Constant (C L ) Heavy chain Variable (V H ) mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
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complement binding site is in the C 2 domain. The constant
whereas IgM and IgE have four.) Each domain is
H
region of the light chain has no known biologic function.
approximately 110 amino acids long. The variable regions of
Amino terminal end
Variable
Light chain
(V L )
Variable
(V L )
Light chain
Variable
(V H )
Constant
(C L )
Heavy chain
Constant
(C H 1)
mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com t n e m g a r f c F mebooksfree.com Heavy chain mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
Constant
(C H 1)
Hinge region
Constant
(C H 2)
(C H 2)
Constant
LEGEND:
Constant
(C H 3)
Heavy chain
S-S bonds
(C H 3)
Constant
Carboxy terminal end
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FIGURE 59–2
Structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The Y-shaped IgG molecule consists of two light chains and two heavy chains. Each light
chain consists of a variable region and a constant region. Each heavy chain consists of a variable region and a constant region that is divided into
three domains: C H 1, C H 2, and C H 3. The C H 2 domain contains the complement-binding site, and the C H 3 domain is the site of attachment of IgG to
receptors on neutrophils and macrophages. The antigen-binding site is formed by the variable regions of both the light and heavy chains. The speci-
ficity of the antigen-binding site is a function of the amino acid sequence of the hypervariable regions (see Figure 59–3). (Reproduced with permission
from Brooks GF et al. Medical Microbiology. 20th ed. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright 1995 McGraw-Hill.)

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