Page 62 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com 9. Several biotech companies have sponsored clinical trials of a mebooksfree.com
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CHAPTER 7 Pathogenesis
51
3. The cells involved with pyogenic inflammation are mainly neu-
trophils, whereas the cells involved with granulomatous inflam-
drug consisting of monoclonal antibody to lipid A. Sepsis caused
by which one of the following sets of bacteria is most likely to be
mation are mainly macrophages and helper T cells. Infection by
improved following administration of this antibody?
which one of the following bacteria is most likely to elicit granu-
lomatous inflammation?
(A) Bordetella pertussis and Clostridium perfringens
(B) Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis
(A) Escherichia coli
(B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus anthracis
(C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(D) Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus
(D) Streptococcus pyogenes
(E) Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus
(E) Staphylococcus aureus 10. Regarding endotoxin, which one of the following is the MOST
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4. Which one of the following sets of properties of exotoxins and
accurate?
endotoxins is correctly matched?
(A) Endotoxin is a polypeptide, the toxic portion of which con-
(A) Exotoxins—polypeptides; endotoxins—lipopolysaccharide
sists of two d-alanines.
(B) Endotoxin is produced by both gram-positive cocci as well as
(B) Exotoxins—weakly antigenic; endotoxins—highly antigenic
(C) Exotoxins—produced only by gram-negative bacteria; endo-
gram-negative cocci.
(C) Endotoxin acts by binding to class II MHC proteins and the
toxins—produced only by gram-positive bacteria
(D) Exotoxins—weakly toxic per microgram; endotoxins—highly
variable portion of the beta chain of the T-cell receptor.
(D) Endotoxin causes fever and hypotension by inducing the
toxic per microgram
release of interleukins such as interleukin-1 and tumor necro-
(E) Exotoxins—toxoid vaccines are ineffective; endotoxins—tox-
oid vaccines are effective
sis factor.
(E) The antigenicity of endotoxin resides in its fatty acid side
5. Which one of the following sets consists of bacteria both of which
produce exotoxins that increase cyclic AMP within human cells?
chains.
(A) Vibrio cholerae and Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(B) Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus pyogenes ANSWERS
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(C) Escherichia coli and Bordetella pertussis
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Staphylococcus aureus
1. (C)
(E) Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus epidermidis
6. Which one of the following sets of bacteria produces exotoxins
3. (B)
that act by ADP-ribosylation?
4. (A)
(A) Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Escherichia coli
5. (C)
(B) Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus
6. (A)
(C) Clostridium tetani and Bacillus anthracis
7. (C)
(D) Enterococcus faecalis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
8. (C)
(E) Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes
9. (B)
7. Which of the following bacteria produce an exotoxin that inhib-
its the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?
(A) Bacillus anthracis
PRACTICE QUESTIONS: USMLE &
(B) Bordetella pertussis 10. (D)
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(C) Clostridium botulinum
COURSE EXAMINATIONS
(D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(E) Escherichia coli
Questions on the topics discussed in this chapter can be found
8. A 25-year-old man with abdominal pain was diagnosed with
acute appendicitis. He then had a sudden rise in temperature to
Board) Practice Questions starting on page 709. Also see Part
39°C and a sudden fall in blood pressure. Which one of the fol-
XIV: USMLE (National Board) Practice Examination starting
lowing is the most likely cause of the fever and hypotension?
on page 751.
(A) An exotoxin that ADP-ribosylates elongation factor-2
(B) An exotoxin that stimulates production of large amounts of
cyclic AMP
(C) An endotoxin that causes release of tumor necrosis factor
(D) An endotoxin that binds to class I MHC protein
(E) An exoenzyme that cleaves hyaluronic acid
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