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15. What is an acid when it is dissolved in water? 25. A bottle of vinegar is 4 percent by weight, so you know that the
a. Proton acceptor solution contains 4 weight units of pure vinegar with
b. Proton donor a. 96 weight units of water.
c. Indicator b. 99.6 weight units of water.
d. Salt c. 100 weight units of water.
16. Which of the following is not a property of a base? d. 104 weight units of water.
a. Changes red litmus to blue 26. If a salt solution has a salinity of 40 parts per thousand (‰),
b. Changes blue litmus to red what is the equivalent percentage measure?
c. Slippery to touch a. 400 percent
d. Bitter taste b. 40 percent
17. The pH scale is based on the concentration of what in solution? c. 4 percent
a. Hydroxide ions d. 0.4 percent
b. Hydronium ions 27. A salt solution has solid salt on the bottom of the container, and
c. Electrolytes salt is dissolving at the same rate that it is coming out of solution.
d. Solute You know the solution is
18. The products produced in a neutralization reaction are a. an electrolyte.
a. acid and bases. b. a nonelectrolyte.
b. salt and water. c. a buffered solution.
c. molecules and water. d. a saturated solution.
d. water only. 28. As the temperature of water decreases, the solubility of carbon
19. Which of the following is not a solution? dioxide gas in the water
a. Seawater a. increases.
b. Carbonated water b. decreases.
c. Sand c. remains the same.
d. Brass d. increases or decreases, depending on the specific temperature.
20. Atmospheric air is a homogeneous mixture of gases that is 29. At what temperature does water have the greatest density?
mostly nitrogen gas. The nitrogen is therefore the a. 100°C
a. solvent. b. 20°C
b. solution. c. 4°C
c. solute. d. 0°C
d. None of the above is correct. 30. An example of a hydrogen bond is a weak to moderate bond
21. A homogeneous mixture is made up of 95 percent alcohol and between
5 percent water. In this case, the water is the a. any two hydrogen atoms.
a. solvent. b. a hydrogen atom of one polar molecule and an oxygen atom
b. solution. of another polar molecule.
c. solute. c. two hydrogen atoms on two nonpolar molecules.
d. None of the above is correct. d. a hydrogen atom and any nonmetal atom.
22. The solution concentration terms of parts per million, percent by 31. A certain solid salt is insoluble in water, so the strongest force
volume, and percent by weight are concerned with the amount of must be the
a. solvent in the solution. a. ion-water molecule force.
b. solute in the solution. b. ion-ion force.
c. solute compared to solvent. c. force of hydration.
d. solvent compared to solute. d. polar molecule force.
23. A concentration of 500 ppm is reported in a news article. This is 32. Which of the following will conduct an electric current?
the same concentration as a. Pure water
a. 0.005 percent. b. A water solution of a covalent compound
b. 0.05 percent. c. A water solution of an ionic compound
c. 5 percent. d. All of the above are correct.
d. 50 percent. 33. Ionization occurs upon solution of
24. According to the label, a bottle of vodka has a 40 percent by a. ionic compounds.
volume concentration. This means the vodka contains 40 mL of b. some polar molecules.
pure alcohol c. nonpolar molecules.
a. in each 140 mL of vodka. d. None of the above is correct.
b. to every 100 mL of water. 34. Adding sodium chloride to water raises the boiling point of
c. to every 60 mL of vodka. water because
d. mixed with water to make 100 mL vodka. a. sodium chloride has a higher boiling point.
b. sodium chloride ions occupy space at the water surface.
c. sodium chloride ions have stronger ion-ion bonds than
water.
d. the energy of hydration is higher.

11-21 CHAPTER 11 Water and Solutions 295