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SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS 5. Fluids that mix in any proportion without separating into phases
are said to be
11.1
a. miscible.
Percent by volume b. concentrated.
_ c. immiscible.
V solute

× 100% solution = % solute d. solvated.

V solution
11.2 6. The relative amount of solute and solvent in a solution is defined
as the
Percent by weight (mass)
a. solubility.
_ b. miscibility.
m solute

× 100% solution = % solute

c. concentration.
m solution
11.3 d. polarity.
__ 7. A solution with a state of equilibrium between the dissolving
moles of solute

Molarity (M) =

liters of solution solute and solute coming out of solution is
a. unsaturated.
b. saturated.
KEY TERMS c. supersaturated.
d. undersaturated.
acid (p. 288) 8. The solubility of most ionic salts in water
acid-base indicator (p. 288) a. increases with temperature.
base (p. 288) b. decreases with temperature.
concentration (p. 280) c. depends on the amount of salt.
electrolyte (p. 284) d. increases with stirring.
hydrogen bonding (p. 278) 9. Ionic substances that dissolve in water and conduct an electric
hydronium ion (p. 284) current are called
miscible fluids (p. 279) a. salts.
b. compounds.
molarity (p. 283)
c. molecules.
neutralized (p. 288)
d. electrolytes.
pH scale (p. 289)
10. The temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the
polar molecule (p. 277)
average atmospheric pressure at sea level is called the
salinity (p. 282)
a. normal pressure point.
salt (p. 290) b. normal boiling point.
solubility (p. 283) c. normal liquid point.
solution (p. 279) d. normal temperature point.
11. The temperature at which a liquid undergoes a phase change to
the solid state at normal pressure is the
APPLYING THE CONCEPTS a. solidification temperature.
b. freezing point.
1. A major use for water in the average home is for c. condensation point.
a. drinking and cooking. d. compression temperature.
b. bathing. 12. All of the following are electrolytes except
c. toilets. a. acids.
d. laundry. b. salts.
2. Freshwater is obtained from all of the following except c. bases.
a. oceans. d. sugars.
b. streams. 13. Some covalent compounds, such as HCl, become electrolytes
c. lakes. through the process of
d. rivers. a. ionization.
3. A molecule with a positive end and a negative end is called b. oxidation-reduction.
a (an) c. decomposition.
a. polar molecule. d. combination.
b. nonpolar molecule. 14. Which of the following is not a property of an acid?
c. neutral molecule. a. Sour taste
d. ionic molecule. b. Changes litmus from red to blue
4. The material present in a solution in the largest amount is the c. Reacts with active metals to generate hydrogen gas
a. solvent. d. Changes litmus from blue to red
b. solute.
c. salt.
d. molecules.

294 CHAPTER 11 Water and Solutions 11-20