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8. The boundary between the crust and the mantle is called
KEY TERMS
a. crust-to-mantle discontinuity.
b. continental-to-oceanic boundary.
asthenosphere (p. 460) c. litho discontinuity.
convergent boundaries (p. 464) d. Moho discontinuity.
core (p. 459) 9. The mantle is composed of
crust (p. 458) a. sulfides.
divergent boundaries (p. 464) b. silicates.
island arcs (p. 466) c. clay minerals.
lithosphere (p. 460) d. oxides.
mantle (p. 459) 10. Seismological studies suggests that the core
new crust zone (p. 464) a. is solid.
oceanic ridges (p. 462) b. is liquid.
c. has a liquid outer core and solid inner core.
oceanic trenches (p. 462)
d. has a solid outer core and liquid inner core.
plate tectonics (p. 464)
11. Evidence from meteorite studies proposes that the core is
rift (p. 463)
composed of
seafloor spreading (p. 463)
a. nickel.
seismic wave (p. 457)
b. iron.
subduction zone (p. 464) c. lead and iron.
transform boundaries (p. 467) d. nickel and iron.
12. The layer in Earth where seismic waves sharply decrease in
APPLYING THE CONCEPTS velocity is called the
a. crust.
b. mantle.
1. The core of Earth is composed of c. lithosphere.
a. iron and nickel. d. asthenosphere.
b. silicon and oxygen.
13. The layer that is broken up into plates that move in the upper
c. iron and lead.
mantle is the
d. nickel and copper.
a. crust.
2. The middle part of Earth’s interior is b. lithosphere.
a. oceanic crust. c. upper mantle.
b. mantle. d. asthenosphere.
c. inner crust.
14. The name of the single large continent suggested by Wegener is
d. outer core.
a. Pan-continental.
3. The separation of materials that gave Earth its layered interior is b. Atlantis.
called c. Pangaea.
a. stratification. d. Asia Major.
b. separation.
15. Records of the strength and directions of Earth’s magnetic field
c. differentiation.
are found in
d. partition.
a. igneous rocks.
4. A vibration that moves through any part of Earth is called a b. meteorites.
a. seismic wave. c. sedimentary rocks.
b. gamma wave. d. minerals.
c. Z-wave.
16. The chain of mountains found in the center of the Atlantic
d. radio wave.
Ocean basin is called the
5. The S-wave is a a. Atlantic Mountains.
a. longitudinal wave. b. Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
b. transverse wave. c. Continental Ridge.
c. radio wave. d. Icelandic Ridge.
d. surface wave.
17. Long, deep, and narrow oceanic trenches are located
6. Waves that occur where S- or P-waves reach the surface are a. in the middle of oceanic ridges.
a. secondary waves. b. on either side of the oceanic ridges.
b. surface waves. c. parallel to the edges of continents.
c. T-waves. d. perpendicular to the edges of continents.
d. minor waves.
18. The theory that the lithosphere is composed of several rigid
7. The three main areas of Earth’s interior are plates that “float” in the asthenosphere is called
a. core, mantle, and crust. a. continental drift.
b. core, secondary layer, and surface. b. plate tectonics.
c. nucleus, mantle, and crust. c. plate boundaries.
d. core, mantle, and shell. d. continental tectonics.
472 CHAPTER 18 Plate Tectonics 18-18