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Table: Distribution of population by Urban and Rural Areas

Census Year Urban Area Rural Area
2001 A.D. (2058 B.S.) 13. 93 % 86. 1 %
2011 A.D. (2068 B.S.) 17. 07 % 83. 00 %
Source: CBS 2011 A.D.
The above table shows that population in urban areas is increasing and population in
rural areas is decreasing. The population of urban areas increased from 13.93% in 2001
A.D. to 17.07% in 2011 A.D. whereas population of rural areas decreased from 86.1% in
2001 A.D. to 83.00% in 2011 A.D. The increased population in urban areas shows that
there is increase of migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. People in rural
areas are attracted towards availability of facilities in urban areas.

Fig: 11
Activity: 2

People are increasing in urban areas and plain areas but are decreasing in rural areas
and mountain as well as hilly region. Discuss in a group about the reasons and present
in your class.

4.5 Urbanization and Its Effects

Introduction
Urbanization is the extension of villages and
cities into big towns with the availability
of various facilities like health, education,
transportation, communication, drinking
water, security, entertainment, market,
industry, electricity, drainage, black topped
roads, huge buildings, etc. It is the gradual
increase in the proportion of people living
in urban areas. With the increase in number
of people in urban areas, they start to find Fig: 12
new opportunities in many sectors other
than agriculture. In Nepal, urban areas are defined legally since 2018 B.S. or 1961 A.D.
onwards. At that time, an area having colleges, judicial and administrative offices, markets,

GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9 81