Page 40 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

sound pollution. In the same way, vehicles, aeroplanes, trains, etc. are increased in the
urban areas which add up sound pollution there. Likewise, musical concerts, festivals,
sports tournaments, etc. are also increased in urban areas and sound pollution is increased.
With the industrialization, many industries and factories are established in different parts
of nation. Many equipments and machineries run continuously for several hours in the
industries and factories. Continuous running of machineries creates sound pollution. As a
result, people have various health impacts. The physical and mental conditions of people
are seriously affected. They have loss of hearing power, increase of irritation, mental
tension, blood pressure, insomnia, etc.

2.3 Population Management

People need air, water, soil, minerals, forest, etc. for their survival. In one way or another,
they are most essential for their proper growth and development. When there is increase
of population in a place, all the resources like forest, water, soil, minerals are massively
utilized. As a result, there is increase of pollution, depletion of wildlife, degradation
of environment as well as several consequences related with them. Moreover, there is
increase of imbalance in environment. Hence, the population should be managed and the
size of population should be maintained based on available resources in the environment.
Population management is the process of making balance in the distribution of population
so that the available resources in environment can be effectively utilized.
Population management is not simply control of population. It even denotes increase of
population as well. When there is less population in a place than the available resources
in the environment, the resources are not effectively utilized. Though, there are not many
adverse impacts on the environment with less population than the available resources,
no doubt, there is somehow imbalance in environment. Many of the developed nations
have negative population growth. The population is decreasing in those nations. Hence,
increase of population in those nations is a part of population management.

Methods of Population Management
Though population management includes either increase or decrease of population, there
is discussion about methods of control of population for population management in this
unit.
There are various methods of population management. It can be managed directly and
indirectly. Direct way of population management is related to control of migration and
birth rate directly whereas indirect way is related to generation of awareness on people
so as to bring change in their attitudes and behaviours towards the control of population.
The following chart shows the methods of population management.

40 GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10