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Social Values

Instructions: Different social groups (work colleagues, of individualism–collectivism, compute your average
family, professional groups, and national, religious, and score based on responses to questions 1, 2, and 3. For
cultural groups) are all around us. Focus on the group the dimension of uncertainty avoidance, compute your
of individuals whom you consider to be your colleagues average score based on responses to questions 4, 5, and
(e.g., team members, coworkers, classmates). Respond 6. For the dimension of masculinity–femininity, reverse
to each of the following statements and indicate its level score your responses to questions 9 and 10 (5 1, 4
of importance to your colleague group on the scale of (1) 2, 2 4, and 1 5) and then compute your average
Not at all important to (5) Very important. score for questions 7, 8, 9, and 10. For the dimension
of power distance, compute the average score for ques-
Not at all Very
How Important Is It: important important tions 11 and 12.
1. To compromise one’s My average social value scores are:
wishes to act together Individualism–collectivism (I–C) _________.
with your colleagues? 1 2 3 4 5 Uncertainty avoidance (UA) _________.
2. To be loyal to your col- Masculinity–femininity (M–F) _________.
leagues? 1 2 3 4 5 Power distance (PD) _________.
3. To follow norms estab- An average score of 4 or above on the I–C scale
lished by your colleagues? 1 2 3 4 5 means that collectivism is a social value in your colleague
group, and a score of 2 or below means that the value of
4. To maintain a stable envi-
individualism dominates. A score of 4 or above on the UA
ronment rather than “rock
scale means that your group values the absence of ambi-
the boat”? 1 2 3 4 5
guity and uncertainty (high uncertainty avoidance), and a
5. To not break the rules? 1 2 3 4 5
score below 2 means that uncertainty and unpredictabil-
6. To be a specialist or pro-
ity are preferred. A score of 4 or above on the M–F scale
fessional rather than a
means that masculinity is a social value in your colleague
manager? 1 2 3 4 5
group, and a score of 2 or below means that the value of
7. To have an opportunity for femininity dominates. A score of 4 or above on the PD
high earnings? 1 2 3 4 5 scale means that high power distance, or hierarchical dif-
8. To have an opportunity for ferences, is a social value in your colleague group, and a
advancement to higher score of 2 or below means that the value of low power
level jobs? 1 2 3 4 5 distance, or equality, dominates.
9. To work with people who Compare your four scores to one another to under-
cooperate well with one stand your perception of the different values. On which
another? 1 2 3 4 5 of the four values would you like to score higher?
Lower? Analyze the specific questions on which you
10. To have a good working
scored higher or lower to analyze the pattern of your
relationship with your
group’s social values. Show your scores to a student
manager? 1 2 3 4 5
from another country and explain what they mean. How
11. To have a manager that
do your social values differ from the social values of the
gives detailed instructions? 1 2 3 4 5
international student? How do these social values differ
12. To avoid disagreement across the nationalities represented in your class?
with a manager? 1 2 3 4 5
Source: Adapted from Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences
(London: Sage Publications, 1984); and D. Matsumoto, M. D.
Weissman, K. Preston, B. R. Brown, and C. Kupperbausch, “Context-
Scoring and Interpretation specific Measurement of Individualism–Collectivism on the Individual
There are four subscale scores that measure the four Level: The Individualism-Collectivism Interpersonal Assessment
Inventory,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28, no. 6 (1997),
social values described by Hofstede. For the dimension pp. 743–767.

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