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CHAPTER 21 Nola J. Pender 397

her major from nursing as she pursued her graduate was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
degrees. She earned a master’s degree in human Susan Walker, Karen Sechrist, and Marilyn Frank-
growth and development at Michigan State University Stromborg tested the validity of the HPM (Pender,
in 1965. “The M.A. in growth and development influ- Walker, Sechrist, & Stromborg, 1988). The research
enced my interest in health over the human life span. team developed the Health Promoting Lifestyle Pro-
This background contributed to the formation of a file, an instrument used to study the health-promoting
research program for children and adolescents,” stated behavior of working adults, older adults, patients un-
Pender. She completed her PhD in psychology and dergoing cardiac rehabilitation, and ambulatory pa-
education in 1969 at Northwestern University. Pender’s tients with cancer (Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons,
(1970) dissertation research investigated develop- 2002). Results from these studies supported the HPM
mental changes in encoding processes of short-term (Pender, personal communication, July 19, 2000).
memory in children. She credits Dr. James Hall, doc- Subsequently, more than 40 studies tested the predic-
toral program advisor, with “introducing me to con- tive capability of the model for health-promoting
siderations of how people think and how a person’s lifestyle, exercise, nutrition practices, use of hearing
thoughts motivate behavior.” Several years later, she protection, and avoidance of exposure to environmen-
completed master’s-level work in community health tal tobacco smoke (Pender, 1996; Pender, Murdaugh,
nursing at Rush University (Pender, personal com- & Parsons, 2002).
munication, May 6, 2004). Pender provided leadership in the development of
After earning her PhD, Pender notes a shift in her nursing research in the United States. Her support of
thinking toward defining the goal of nursing care as the National Center for Nursing Research in the
the optimal health of the individual. A series of con- National Institutes of Health was instrumental to its
versations with Dr. Beverly McElmurry at Northern formation. She has promoted scholarly activity in nurs-
Illinois University and reading High-Level Wellness by ing through involvement with Sigma Theta Tau Inter-
Halpert Dunn (1961) inspired expanded notions of national, as president of the Midwest Nursing Research
health and nursing. Her marriage to Albert Pender, Society from 1985 to 1987, and as chairperson of the
an Associate Professor of business and economics Cabinet on Nursing Research of the American Nurses
who has collaborated with his wife in writing about Association. She has served as a Trustee of the Midwest
the economics of health care, and the birth of a son Nursing Research Society since 2009 (http://nursing.
and a daughter provided increased personal motiva- umich.edu/faculty-staff/nola-j-pender). Inducted as a
tion to learn more about optimizing human health. fellow of the American Academy of Nursing in 1981,
In 1975, Pender published “A Conceptual Model she served as President of the Academy from 1991
for Preventive Health Behavior,” as a basis for study- until 1993. In 1998, she was appointed to a 4-year term
ing how individuals made decisions about their own on the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, an indepen-
health care in a nursing context. This article identified dent panel charged to evaluate scientific evidence and
factors that were found in earlier research to influence to make age-specific and risk-specific recommenda-
decision making and actions of individuals in pre- tions for clinical preventive services (http://nursing.
venting disease. Pender’s original Health Promotion umich.edu/faculty-staff/nola-j-pender).
Model (HPM) was presented in the first edition of her As a leader in nursing education, Dr. Pender
text, Health Promotion in Nursing Practice, which was guided many students and mentored others. Over her
published in 1982. Based on subsequent research, the 40 years as an educator, she facilitated the learning of
HPM was revised and presented in a second edition baccalaureate, masters, and PhD students. She has
in 1987 and in a third edition in 1996. The fourth mentored a number of postdoctoral fellows. In 1998,
edition of Health Promotion in Nursing Practice was the University of Michigan School of Nursing hon-
co-authored by Pender, Carolyn L. Murdaugh (PhD), ored Pender with the Mae Edna Doyle Award for ex-
and Mary Ann Parsons (PhD) and published in 2002, cellence in teaching. She is a Distinguished Professor
and a fifth edition was published in 2006. at Loyola University of Chicago School of Nursing.
In 1988, Pender and colleagues conducted a A recipient of many awards and honors, Dr. Pender
study at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, which has served as a distinguished scholar at a number of