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406 UNIT IV Nursing Theories

n The U.S. Department of Health and Human limited time for physical activity, possibly
Services website contains information using eating as a coping mechanism. (Addi-
about safety and wellness and more (http:// tional assessment is indicated to validate
www.hhs.gov). Look under the category of barriers.)
prevention. 4. List some alternatives in the behavior change
2. What were some of the emotional and behav- plan that you will discuss with Thomas at your
ioral cues provided that suggest Thomas is next meeting. In general, discuss diet, physical
ready for a weight loss management plan? activity, and stress management.
n Thomas demonstrated self-direction, because n Complete a behavioral contract as a com-
he came to the clinic on his own. mitment to a plan of action. In the plan,
n He told you that he wants a more business- establish a long-term weight loss goal and
like look and wants to have more energy. short-term progress goals.
n He stated that he is tired of having his belly n Review kinds of foods he enjoys, while
fall over his belt. assessing dietary concerns, if any.
n He stated that his stress level is high. n Discuss ways to increase physical activity
3. In establishing a behavior change plan with and which of the activities he intends to
Thomas, what are some interpersonal facilita- carry out, and establish a calendar.
tors and potential barriers to change? n Provide a referral to the campus physical
n Facilitators: Self-direction, motivation by activity trainer.
family medical history, desire for change. n Discuss stress management.
n Potential barriers: Graduate students may n Establish follow-up.
have limited financial resources; stress level n Schedule weight checks every week.
is high, and Thomas may view self with n Begin reward-reinforcement planning.

CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITIES
1. Choose one health-promoting behavior in which 3. Consider your own philosophy of health and
you personally could but don’t engage. Identify prepare your description of wellness. Is absence
factors, as defined in the HPM, which contribute of disease more prominent than positive, active
to your decision not to participate. Include statements of health?
immediate competing alternatives. 4. Anticipate the health-promoting behaviors im-
2. Analyze factors that contribute to your participa- portant at various stages of development across
tion in a health-promoting activity and place each the life span. What health promotion topics do
factor under the appropriate label from the HPM. you include in your practice?

POINTS FOR FURTHER STUDY
n Nola J. Pender, Faculty-Staff profile, University at the Nursing Conference, October 16–17,
of Michigan School of Nursing. Retrieved from Memphis, TN. Available through University of
http://nursing.umich.edu/faculty-staff/nola-j- Tennessee, Memphis, School of Nursing.
pender n Pender, N. J. (1989, May). Expressing health
n Pender, N. J. (2008). Portraits of Excellence: The through beliefs and actions (Videotape). Recorded
Nurse Theorists, Vol. 2. Athens, Ohio: Fitne, Inc. live at Discovery Inter-national, Inc.’s Nurse Theo-
n Pender, N. J. (1986, Oct.). Enhancing wellness rist Conference, May 11–12, Pittsburgh. Available
through nursing research (Videotape). Recorded through Meetings Internationale, Louisville, KY.