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482 UNIT IV Nursing Theories

burden about? What does it mean? What does The nurse may have expertise in other areas,
Mrs. Brown think will happen if her daughter gets based on her knowledge and experience, and
upset? Thinking about and picturing an anticipated trusts that persons will seek information when
event is, according to Parse (1990, 1998), an oppor- ready.
tunity to rehearse and to clarify how best to be in 4. Mrs. Brown spoke about being tired. The nurse
light of anticipated consequences. In this way, the might explore this further. How does the tired-
person is helped with decisions about how best ness show itself? What does Mrs. Brown find
to go forward or how to change the situation. The helpful? What would she like to do about it? Until
practice dimensions and processes happen all- these things are known, the nurse cannot know
at-once as nurses honor the other’s unfolding how to proceed. The nurse may discover helpful
meanings, rhythms, and ways of moving forward. suggestions to offer. The nurse guided by human-
2. Articulate the judgments that are called for in the becoming offers information as people indicate
humanbecoming theory. The nurse refrains from their readiness to hear it. The nurse believes that
summarizing, comparing, judging, or labeling providing information or suggestions as persons
Mrs. Brown, as she struggles with the possibilities seek it in the flow of dialogue and listening is the
and choices in her situation. The unconditional most respectful and meaningful way of teaching.
regard called for by the humanbecoming theory is 5. Specify three benefits for humanity when nurses
extremely challenging. It can be much easier to follow the humanbecoming theory. Humanbe-
give advice or to try to teach, but the outcomes in coming practice is consistent with what people
the nurse-person process, the opportunities for say they want from health professionals. Persons
Mrs. Brown to see her situation differently, will have indicated in numerous reports and publica-
vary according to different nursing words and tions that they want to be listened to, respected,
actions. What might you say to Mrs. Brown? involved in their care, and provided with mean-
3. Where does experience lie for nurses guided by ingful information—when they want and need
the humanbecoming theory? The nurse guided by it. People want competent professionals, but if
humanbecoming theory believes that Mrs. Brown respect for the client’s reality is not the founda-
knows the best way to proceed—the nurse cannot tion of the nurse-person process, it does not
possibly know the way for another person’s qual- matter how expert or knowledgeable the profes-
ity of life. Mrs. Brown said she cannot take much sional. People do not want to be judged or labeled
more in her life, and yet she is burdened with her when it comes to their choices or ways of living.
secret. This struggle is hers to wrestle with and Persons want to be believed, understood, and
choose a way to move on. The mother knows her respected. Humanbecoming theory provides a
daughter, and she also knows how much upset guide for nurses who want to practice in ways
she can take in her life. The nurse’s true presence that clients want. It has been shown that nurses
and theory-guided questions can help Mrs. Brown guided by the humanbecoming perspective are
to figure out how to be in light of her value pri- more vigilant, more inclined to act on client
orities in the moment. The nurse also knows concerns, and more likely to involve clients and
that Mrs. Brown’s value priorities may change at families in their care (Mitchell & Bournes, 1998;
any time, leading to a different course of action. Parse, 2011c).

POINTS FOR FURTHER STUDY
n Parse, R. R. (2004). A human becoming teaching- n Parse, R. R. (2007b). The humanbecoming school
learning model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17, of thought in 2050. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20,
33–35. 308–311.
n Parse, R. R. (2007a). Hope in “Rita Hayworth and n Parse, R. R. (2008a). The humanbecoming leading-
Shawshank Redemption”: A human becoming following model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 21,
hermeneutic study. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20, 369–375.
148–154.