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CHAPTER 24 Rosemarie Rizzo Parse 477

grieving about the one lost (Cody, 1995a; Florczak, her own learning about the phenomenon of feeling
2008; Pilkington, 1993, 2008). Women who had a respected that surfaced through the research process—
miscarriage already had a relationship with their was the following poem:
babies, and the anguish of losing the child was so The oak tree stands
intense that women invented ways to distance them- noble on the hill
selves from the reality of the lost child. When they even in
were alone, the pain was unbearable, and when they cherry blossom time.
were with others, the anguish was both eased and Basho (1644–1694/1962)
intensified as consoling expressions mingled with
words acknowledging the reality of the lost child Parse (2006) interpreted the artistic expression
(Pilkington, 1993; MacDonald & Jonas-Simpson, saying, “The oak tree stands noble, acknowledged as
2009). Women described rhythms of engaging- such with the potential of being disregarded amid the
disengaging with the lost child and close others, pain, beauty of cherry blossoms, yet there is delight in the
and respite. Connecting the rhythm to the theoretical fortification of being known as oak tree. Oak tree and
concept connecting-separating and to the idea of lin- cherry blossoms live a mutuality of being prized as
gering presence means nurses can think about and be individually unique and uniquely together” (p. 55).
present with those experiencing grieving and loss. Subsequently, Parse (2011b) introduced metaphorical
How do families in palliative care express their engag- emergings to the Parse research method. She did this
ing and distancing from the one who is moving after examining reports of many Parse research
toward death? How do parents losing adult children method studies and noting:
engage and disengage with the absent children? Linguistic descriptions of universal [living] experi-
Research studies about loss and grieving may further ences by participants were rife with metaphors
enhance understanding about connecting-separating that creatively expressed the meaning of universal
with knowledge for nursing practice. [living] experiences. Metaphors are phrases, attri-
In 2004, Mitchell developed a framework for cri-
tiquing humanbecoming research that expanded op- butions to objects or ideas that offer surprise twists
on meanings . . . . To extract metaphors expressed
tions for critics engaging humanbecoming-guided by participants from dialogues about universal
nursing science. Parse (2011b) continues to refine the [living] experiences and to creatively conceptualize
research method. Parse changed the name of the par- them in light of the ontology of humanbecoming
ticipant proposition to language-art, and she added a expands knowledge of the experiences. (p. 13)
process requiring the researcher to select or create an
artistic expression showing how the researcher was Parse (2011b) used the 2006 study on feeling re-
transfigured through the research process (Parse, spected to illustrate the use of metaphorical emergings
2005). The artistic expression enhances understand- with the Parse research method. The metaphorical
ing of what the researcher learned about the phenom- emergings that arose from the participants’ descrip-
enon under study. For instance, in a study on the tions of feeling respected in that study (Parse, 2006)
experience of feeling respected, Parse (2006) reported included: “Feeling respected feels like everything is fir-
that 10 adult participants in her study described feel- ing on all cylinders; I’m just euphoric for half an hour
ing respected as “an acknowledgement of personal after class” (p. 53). Describing what can be learned
worth” (p. 54). They described, for example, feeling from this metaphor in light of the study, Parse (2011b)
confident, being trusted, feeling appreciated, and wrote the following:
experiencing joy when feeling respected (Parse, 2006).
Parse showed that in each case, the participant spoke This metaphor further illuminates the meaning
about feeling respected as a “fortifying assuredness of feeling respected when connected to the core
amid potential disregard emerging with the fulfilling concepts (fortifying assuredness amid potential
delight of prized alliances” (p. 54). Parse’s (2006) artis- disregard, fulfilling delight, and prized alli-
tic expression for this study—that is, her depiction of ances) and when elaborated with the ontology