Page 519 - alligood 8th edition_Neat

500 UNIT IV Nursing Theories

stress responses to loss or losses. Selye’s theory per- Erickson (1976) and later described in publication by
tains to an individual’s biophysical responses to Erickson and Swain (1982).
stress, and Engel explores the psychosocial responses Erickson credits Milton H. Erickson with influenc-
to stressors. ing her clinical practice and providing inspiration and
The integration and synthesis of these theories, direction in the development of this theory. Initially,
with the integration of Erickson’s clinical observations he articulated the formulation of the Modeling and
and lived experiences, resulted in the conception of Role-Modeling Theory when he urged Erickson to
the Adaptive Potential Assessment Model (APAM). “model the client’s world, understand it as they do,
The APAM focuses on an individual’s ability to mobi- then role-model the picture the client has drawn,
lize resources when confronted with stressors rather building a healthy world for them” (H. Erickson, per-
than adapt to them. This model was first developed by sonal communication, November 1984).

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
Modeling This is an interactive, interpersonal process that
The act of Modeling is the process the nurse uses as nurtures strengths to enable the development,
she develops an image and an understanding of the release, and channeling of resources for coping
client’s world—an image and understanding devel- with one’s circumstances and environment. The
oped within the client’s framework and from the goal is to achieve a state of perceived optimum
client’s perspective . . . The art of Modeling is the health and contentment (Erickson, Tomlin, &
development of a mirror image of the situation from Swain, 2002, p. 49).
the client’s perspective . . . The science of Modeling
is the scientific aggregation and analysis of data col- Nurturance
lected about the client’s model (Erickson, Tomlin, & Nurturance fuses and integrates cognitive, physiolog-
Swain, 2002, p. 95). Modeling occurs as the nurse ical, and affective processes, with the aim of assisting
accepts and understands her client (Erickson, Tomlin, a client to move toward holistic health. Nurturance
& Swain, 2002, p. 96). implies that the nurse seeks to know and understand
the client’s personal model of his or her world, and to
Role-Modeling appreciate its value and significance for that client
The art of Role-Modeling occurs when the nurse plans from the client’s perspective (Erickson, Tomlin, &
and implements interventions that are unique for the Swain, 2002, p. 48).
client. The science of Role-Modeling occurs as the
nurse plans interventions with respect to her theoreti- Unconditional Acceptance
cal base for the practice of nursing . . . Role-Modeling Being accepted as a unique, worthwhile, important
is . . . the essence of nurturance . . . Role-Modeling individual—with no strings attached—is imperative
requires an unconditional acceptance of the person as if the individual is to be facilitated in developing his
the person is while gently encouraging the facilitating or her own potential. The nurse’s use of empathy
growth and development at the person’s own pace and helps the individual learn that the nurse accepts and
within the person’s own model (Erickson, Tomlin, & respects him or her as is. The acceptance will facili-
Swain, 2002, p. 95). Role-Modeling starts the second tate the mobilization of resources needed as this
the nurse moves from the analysis phase of the nurs- individual strives for adaptive equilibrium (Erickson,
ing process to the planning of nursing interventions Tomlin, & Swain, 2002, p. 49).
(Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 2002, p. 95).
Person
Nursing People are alike because they have holism, lifetime
Nursing is the holistic helping of persons with growth and development, and their need for AI.
their self-care activities in relation to their health. They are different because they have inherent