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40 UNIT I Evolution of Nursing Theories

the action of the nurse (Alligood, 2010a; Wood, 2010). important contributions to the development of special-
There are many examples of middle-range theories in ized nursing knowledge. Therefore, in the 6th edition
the nursing literature that have been developed induc- of this text (2006), exemplars from that early develop-
tively as well as deductively. Selected middle-range theo- ment began to be recognized for their significant
ries are presented in Unit V, Chapters 27 to 36. contributions to nursing knowledge development. This
Over the years since the first edition of Nursing unit on the Evolution of Nursing Theoretical Works
Theorists and Their Work (1986), the volume of theo- concludes with ten exemplars of early theoretical
retical works has expanded considerably. There are work of historical significance presented in Chapter 5
nurses who made significant contributions during the (Box 4-2). Those who are interested in learning more
pre-paradigm period of nursing knowledge develop- about these early nursing pioneers or any theorist’s
ment (Hardy, 1978). References to early works in the work included in this text are referred to the their
literature became increasingly limited in spite of their original publications.

BOX 4-2 Early Theorists of Historical Significance
Hildegard E. Peplau 1909 to 1999
Virginia Henderson 1897 to 1996
Faye Glenn Abdellah 1919 to present
Earnestine Wiedenbach 1900 to 1996
Lydia Hall 1906 to 1969
Joyce Travelbee 1926 to 1973
Kathryn E. Barnard 1938 to present
Evelyn Adam 1929 to present
Nancy Roper* 1918 to 2004
Winifred Logan*
Alison J. Tierney*
Ida Jean Orlando Pelletier 1926 to 2007
*Roper, Logan, and Tierney collaborated on The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing: Based on Activities of Living (2000).

REFERENCES
Alligood, M. R. (2010a). Models and theories: Critical Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated knowl-
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theory: Utilization & application (4th ed., pp. 43–65). Elsevier-Mosby.
Maryland Heights, (MO):Mosby-Elsevier. Fawcett, J. (1984). The metaparadigm of nursing: current
Alligood, M. R. (2010b). Areas for further development status and future refinements. Image: The Journal of
of theory-based nursing practice. In M. R. Alligood Nursing Scholarship, 16, 84–87.
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Bixler, G. K., & Bixler, R. W. (1959). The professional Fawcett, J. (2005). Contemporary nursing knowledge:
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