Page 32 - Drug Discovery and Development: Prospects and Challenges

22 / Drug Discovery and Development: Prospects and Challenges

Brothers and sisters,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

Importance of Animal Study

Even though the use of animals for laboratory testing is strictly regulated
with the 3R rules, namely reduction, refinement, replacement, in vivo
studies using animal testing is an important step in drug discovery.
Various organisations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD), the National Institutes of Health
(NIH), the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical
Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
(ICH), and the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision
of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) provide guidelines for animal
housing, breeding, feeding, and transportation (Rollin, 2003). Generally,
in vivo studies involving the use of animals, including zebrafish, birds,
mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, and even primates. In vivo studies provide
researchers with results that are closely associated with humans due to
the complexity of the organism (Doke & Dhawale, 2015).
In our study, we used streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats for the
study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of a-mangostin and rabbits in
wound healing (Azis et al., 2017; Ahmed et al., 2019; Taher et al., 2016).
In another study, the anti-hyperglycemic effect of G. mangostana extract
has been tested on male Sprague-Dawley rats. G. mangostana extract
(GME) caused hypoglycaemia by increasing the number of insulin-
producing-cells in the body. The presence of antioxidant-bearing tannins,
such as epicatechin and xanthones, such as a -mangostin, could explain
this effect (Taher et al., 2016). Furthermore, the wound healing properties
of C. asiatica extract in the form of hydrogel formulation enhanced
the wound healing process in rabbits 15% faster than commercial
wound healing products. The healing process was characterised by the
formation of a thick epithelial layer, keratin, and mild granulation tissues,
fibroblasts, and collagen production with no fibrinoid necrosis (Ahmed
et al., 2019).