Page 312 - Kryukov_M_V_-_Sistema_rodstva_kitaytsev_-_1972

beginning of the 1st millennium A. D. Chinese system was rich in suffixed
terms and was characterized by the terminological equalization of Fa Br
and Hu Br, Fa Si and Hu Si, Fa Si Hu and Mo Si Hu, Bi So and So So.
At the beginning of the Illnd millennium A. D. Suffixed terms were gradually
replaced by reduplicated ones, the differentiation of BrSo and SoSo was
followed by the merging of DaSo and SfSo.
In Part Three the author deals with the historical evidences of the
evolution of the Chinese system.
The terminology included into the glossary of «Erya» (III—II cent.
B. C.) is analyzed first. Then the author goes back to epigraphic sources
of Western Chou (Х-ЛХ cent. B. C.) and Yin (XIV—XI cent. B. C.)
periods. The earliest Chinese nomenclature found in the inscriptions of
the XIV—'VII cent. В. С is characterized by the following differentials:
A—generation (Ai = +2; A = + I ; A =0; A =—1; A =—2);
2 3 4 5
В — belonging to one of the two exogamic moieties linked by marital
relations (Bi — the group of Ego's father; B2 — the other group);
С — sex of alter (Ci — male; C —female);
2
D — sex of Ego (Di — male; D — female).
2
Terms:
1) tsu — A B,C, 8) mei — A Bfi 2
1
z
2) p'ih — A,B C 2 9) sheng — A B C,D|
2
2
3
3) fu — A B,C, 10) ch'ih — A B C D,
2
2
3
2
4) mu — A B C 2 11) fu — A B C,D 2
2
2
2
2
5) ku — A B,C 2 12) tsu — А В,С,
4
2
6) chiu — A B C, 13) ch'u — A B Ci
2
2
4
2
7) hsiung — A B,C, 14) fu — A B C 2
2
4
3
15) chih — A B,D 2
4
16) sun — A B,
6
The ethymology of the terms № 13, 14, 15 is important for understanding
the underlying principles of the system. Ch'u (№ 13) and chih (№ 15) are
differentiated only by the sex of Ego. A female speaker calls a son of her
brother «chih» («that who comes») as this relative born by a woman of
the opposite moiety joins the moiety of the speaker's father. A male speaker
calls a son of his sister «ch'u» («that who leaves») because this relative
born by a woman of the speaker's moiety goes out to join the opposite one.
But a sister's daugther (male speaking) is te be the wife of the speaker's
son and that's why she is called «!u» («that who return's»).
No remnants of any former terminology of another type are present
in the Yin-Giou system which is to 'be viewed as an initial model of the
evolution of the Chinese nomenclature.
The first change in this model dating back to the middle of the 1st mill'.
В. С was the differentiation of the relatives of Ego's generation according
to their relative age. Some centures later this new differential is extended,
to the first ascending generation thus disturbing the bifurcate-merging-
natuie of the original system. The emergence of separate terms for elder
and younger brothers of father means that they are no longer equated with
father. This gives rise to the bifurcation of collaterals.
303