Page 150 - Ultimate Visual Dictionary (DK)

PLANTS

Succulent fruits HESPERIDIUM (A TYPE OF BERRY)
Lemon
(Citrus limon)
Pedicel
Endocarp (flower stalk)
Pedicel
A FRUIT IS A FULLY DEVELOPED and ripened ovary (flower Mesocarp Exocarp
(seed-producing part of a plant’s female reproductive stalk)
organs). Fruits may be succulent or dry
(see pp. 150-151). Succulent fruits are
fleshy and brightly colored, making
them attractive to animals, which
eat them and so disperse the seeds Seed
Leathery
away from the parent plant. The
exocarp Vesicle
wall (pericarp) of a succulent fruit Oil (juice
has three layers: an outer exocarp, gland sac)
a middle mesocarp, and an inner
Remains Remains Placenta
endocarp. These three layers vary of style of style
in thickness and texture in different
EXTERNAL VIEW LONGITUDINAL SECTION
types of fruits and may blend into OF FRUIT THROUGH FRUIT
each other. Succulent fruits can be
classed as simple (derived from Embryo Seed
Hilum Carpel
one ovary) or compound (derived
BERRY (point of wall
Cocoa from several ovaries). Simple attachment
(Theobroma cacao) to ovary) Carpel
succulent fruits include berries,
which typically have many seeds, and drupes, which
typically have a single stone or pit (e.g., cherry Testa
(seed Placenta
and peach). Compound succulent fruits include coat) Cotyledon
aggregate fruits, which are formed from many (seed leaf)
ovaries in one flower, and multiple fruits, which EXTERNAL VIEW AND CROSS-SECTION
SECTION THROUGH SEED THROUGH FRUIT
develop from the ovaries of many flowers. Some
fruits, known as false fruits or pseudocarps, develop
from parts of the flower in addition to the ovaries. SYCONIUM (A TYPE OF FALSE FRUIT)
Fig Remains
For example, the flesh of the apple is formed (Ficus carica) of female Fleshy infolded
from the receptacle (the upper end of the flowers receptacle
flower stalk). Peduncle Pip (seed Remains
(inflorescence surrounded of male
stalk) by endocarp) flowers

FRUIT WITH FLESHY ARIL
Lychee
(Litchi chinensis)
Pedicel Pedicel
(flower stalk) (flower stalk) Pore closed
by scales
Skin
EXTERNAL VIEW LONGITUDINAL SECTION
Seed OF FRUIT THROUGH FRUIT
Remains
of style Endocarp
EXTERNAL VIEW AND
Aril (fleshy SECTION THROUGH PIT
outgrowth Drupelet
from seed Pit
stalk)
Endocarp Cotyledon
Pedicel
Pericarp Pericarp (flower (seed leaf)
(fruit wall) (fruit wall) stalk) Embryo
Testa
EXTERNAL VIEW LONGITUDINAL SECTION REMAINS OF A SINGLE (seed coat)
OF FRUIT THROUGH FRUIT FEMALE FLOWER
148