Page 152 - Ultimate Visual Dictionary (DK)

PLANTS
LEGUME Pedicel
Dry fruits Pea (flower stalk) Pedicel
(Pisum sativum)
(flower
stalk)
Receptacle
Receptacle
DRY FRUITS HAVE A HARD, DRY PERICARP (fruit wall) Remains
around their seeds unlike succulent fruits, which have fleshy of sepal
Remains Remains
pericarps (see pp. 148-149). Dry fruits are divided into three types: of stamen of sepal
dehiscent, in which the pericarp splits open to
Funicle
release the seeds; indehiscent, which do not split
Placenta (stalk
open; and schizocarpic, in which the fruit splits attaching
but the seeds are not exposed. Dehiscent dry seed to
placenta)
fruits include capsules (e.g., love-in-a-mist),
follicles (e.g., delphinium), legumes (e.g., pea), Pericarp Pericarp
and siliquas (e.g., honesty). Typically, the (fruit (fruit
wall) wall)
seeds of dehiscent fruits are dispersed by
the wind. Indehiscent dry fruits include nuts
NUTLET Seed
Goosegrass (e.g., sweet chestnut), nutlets (e.g., goosegrass),
(Galium aparine) achenes (e.g., strawberry), caryopses
(e.g., wheat), samaras (e.g., elm), and cypselas (e.g., dandelion).
Some indehiscent dry fruits are dispersed by the wind, assisted
Remains of Remains of
by “wings” (e.g., elm) or “parachutes” (e.g., dandelion); others style and style and
(e.g., goosegrass) have hooked pericarps to aid dispersal on stigma stigma
animals’ fur. Schizocarpic dry fruits include cremocarps
EXTERNAL VIEW INTERNAL VIEW
(e.g., hogweed), and double samaras (e.g., sycamore Funicle OF FRUIT OF FRUIT
maple); these are dispersed by the wind. (stalk attaching
seed to placenta) Cotyledon
NUT Line of splitting (seed leaf) Radicle
Sweet chestnut between valves (embryonic
(Castanea sativa) of cupule Micropyle root)
(pore for water Testa
Peduncle absorption) (seed Plumule
(inflorescence coat) (embryonic
stalk) Testa shoot)
(seed coat) EXTERIOR VIEW AND
Remains SECTION THROUGH SEED
of male
inflorescence ACHENE
Strawberry
Nut (Fragaria x ananassa) Pedicel
(indehiscent Pedicel Sepal (flower
fruit) Sepal (flower stalk) stalk)
Spiked cupule
(husk around Swollen
fruit formed receptacle
from bracts) EXTERNAL VIEW OF FRUIT WITH
SURROUNDING CUPULE Remains
of stigma
Remains
Remains and style Swollen
of stigma of stigma Remains fleshy tissues
Remains of style Achene of receptacle
of style (one-seeded
dry fruit) EXTERNAL VIEW LONGITUDINAL SECTION
OF FRUIT THROUGH FRUIT
Embryo Pericarp
Nut (fruit
(indehiscent wall) Cotyledon
fruit) Cotyledon Pericarp (seed leaf)
(seed leaf) (fruit wall)
Testa Testa
(seed coat) (seed coat)
Woody pericarp Woody pericarp
(fruit wall) EXTERNAL VIEW AND (fruit wall) EXTERNAL VIEW AND
SECTION THROUGH FRUIT SECTION THROUGH SEED
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