Page 45 - Ultimate Visual Dictionary (DK)

MARS
North polar ice cap of
frozen carbon dioxide EXTERNAL FEATURES AND
and water ice INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MARS
Tempe Fossae
Cirrus-type condensation
Mareotis Fossae
Uranius Tholus VA S T I TA S clouds of water ice
Tantalus Fossae B O R E A L I S P L A N I T I A Dust storm
A C I D A L I A
Alba Fossae Branching channels, possibly
formed by water flow
Alba Patera
Milankovic Valles Marineris (canyon
system 2,500 miles/
A R C A D I A P L A N I T I A P L A N U M C H R I S E P L A N Y T I A depth is 3.5 miles/6 km)
4,000 km long; average
L U N A E
Coprates Chasma
Ceraunius Tholus
Tharsis Tholus Average surface
temperature
M A R G A R I T I F E R -40°F (-40°C)
Solid, rocky crust S I N U S Holden
containing water-ice
permafrost (permanently
frozen subsoil) Ritchey
Metallic, possibly A R G Y R E
molten, core 1,600 miles P L A N I T I A
(2,500 km) in diameter Darwin
Cloud formation
Mantle of
silicate rock
Lampland
Thaumasia
Fossae
Pavonis Mons Slipher
Olympus Ascraeus Mons Lowell ATMOSPHERE
Mons
STRUCTURE
South polar ice cap
of frozen carbon
dioxide and Thermosphere
water ice
Mantle 1,200 miles
(2,000 km) thick
Stratosphere Thin clouds of frozen
carbon dioxide
A M A Z O N I S
Crust 25–30 miles (40 –50 km) thick
P L A N I T I A
Isolated clouds
and fog of icy
Thin atmosphere
S U R I A of mainly carbon water vapor
P L A N U M dioxide
Troposphere
Red, iron-rich dust
Noctis Labryrinthus
COMPOSITION
Cyclonic Carbon dioxide about 95%
storm
system Nitrogen about 2.7%
Arsia Mons
Argon about 1.6%
Oxygen, carbon monoxide,
and water vapor about 0.7%

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