Page 318 - Encyclopedia of Aquarium and Pond Fish, 3rd Edition

316 POND FISH: MAINTENANCE

Food and feeding

Coldwater fish, such as koi and goldfish, constantly forage
for food—a behavioral characteristic that makes them seem
hungry all the time, even though they may have no
immediate need for sustenance. In the pond
environment, they are able to browse on a range
of natural foods, such as algae and plant matter,
but they also need to be provided with a staple
formulated food to achieve a balanced diet.

Most fishkeepers give their fish commercially prepared foods,
such as pellets and flakes (see box, opposite). These foods contain
a scientifically formulated balance of ingredients, including
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber, all
of which are essential for a healthy diet. These foods should
form the basis of the diet that is offered to your fish.
It is important not to overfeed pond fish, because this can
lead to obesity, which will shorten their life span. Also, excess Koi can be tamed if they are fed by hand at same place in
the pond at regular times. Any sudden movements may
uneaten food is difficult to remove from the pond, and any cause them to dive back down into the depths of the pond.
leftovers may rot, causing a deterioration in water quality.
Offering only small portions of food will ensure that all of A varied diet
it is eaten within a few minutes. Although pond fish will thrive on a diet of formulated sticks
or pellets, it is good to provide them with some variety by
supplementing their diet with other foods. Depending on the
type and size of the food being offered, it should be chopped
SPECIALIST DIETS into suitable sizes so that all fish are able to eat it.
Most pond fish are omnivorous and will readily eat green
Highly specific diets are now available with ingredients that are
formulated to encourage growth, fertility, color, or a physical leaf vegetables. These vegetables, such as fresh lettuce leaves,
characteristic particular to one species. Some goldfish varieties, such are a good source of fiber. Peas can also be given to the fish,
as the Blue Oranda pictured here, can be given food to enhance the once they have been removed from their shell. Shelled shrimp
development of their hoods. These foods may look much the same
as other pond fish foods, but the levels of protein, beta-carotene,
and other components can
vary significantly.
NUTRITIONAL BREAKDOWN
The protein levels in foods specifically designed to encourage growth
are much higher than in general-purpose foods. High-growth foods
should be given in summer, when the fish are most active.

56% 31% Protein 37% Protein
Carbohydrates 46%
+ moisture
Carbohydrates
+ moisture
3% Oil
3.8% Oil
4% Fiber
3.2% Fiber
6% Ash
General-purpose food High-growth food 10% Ash

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