Page 227 - The Rough Guide Phrasebook - Hindi & Urdu

(Intransitive)
Past Perfect (
)
The past perfect of intransitive verbs is formed with two
parts:
verb stem + suffixes
uTh -ā, -ī, -e
The suffixes agree in gender and number with the subject of f
the verb: HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
vō sāt baje uThā vō sāt baje uThī
he got up at 7 o’clock she got up at 7 o’clock
ve sāt baje uThe ve sāt baje uThī
they got up at 7 o’clock (masc) they got up at 7 o’clock (fem)
This tense is used for completed actions in the past.
Past Perfect (Transitive)
Transitive verbs in the past perfect take the postposition ne
after the subject. In this tense the verb agrees not with the N
subject but with the object. So for example, with the subject
usne (he/she) and the verb khānā (stem khā): Verbs
usne āTh baje nāshtā khāyā
he/she ate breakfast at 8 o’clock
Note that when the stem ends in -ā, a y is inserted before any
endings.
Present Perfect
The present perfect is similar in structure to the past perfect
except that a third part is added. This is the present tense of f
hōnā:
The verb agrees with its subject in number and gender:

mA abhī uA Thā hū vō abhī uThā hA
I have just got up he has just got up

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