Page 39 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Europe

THE HIST OR Y OF EUROPE  37

1618–48 Thirty Years’ War: religious
differences and territorial ambitions
embroil most of northern Europe
1386 Union of
crowns of Poland
and Lithuania,
which together 1517 Martin Luther
form largest state condemns church
in Europe in his 95 Theses,
sparking
Reformation.
Protestantism
sweeps across
much of northern 1715 Death of Louis XIV.
1347–51 Black Europe
Death kills The “Sun King” made
perhaps a France the most powerful
third of the 1492 Spanish expel 1683 Defeat state in Europe and
population Moors from Granada; of Turks at presided over the great
of Europe Columbus’s first voyage siege of age of French Classical
to America 1520s Charles V, Vienna allows culture. However, his
expansionist policies
Holy Roman expansion of were largely thwarted
Austrian
1458–90 Emperor, defeats Habsburg by the British, Austrians,
Hungary at its François I of and Dutch
1337–1453 height in reign France in war for empire
Hundred of Matthias control of Italy
Years’ War Corvinus
between
England and 1453 1740–86 Rise
France Collapse of of Prussia
Byzantine 1609 Dutch gain under Frederick
Empire effective 1622 Battle II “the Great”
increases independence of Mohács;
Turkish from Spain Kingdom of
threat to Hungary
eastern falls to Turks
Europe
Late Middle Ages Reformation Age of Enlightenment
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
Gothic Renaissance Baroque Rococo
1436 Completion of dome 1519 Château 1730s Light,
of Florence Cathedral de Chambord, decorative
(see pp398–9) François I’s Rococo style,
magnificent most popular in
1441 Death of great Flemish Renaissance France, southern
painter Van Eyck, who perfected château in the Germany, and
oil-painting technique Loire Valley Austria
(see p179)
1483–1520 Life of
Raphael, painter of the 1704 Start of building of
Raphael Rooms in the Blenheim Palace, grandest
Vatican (see p380) of the stately homes of
18th-century Britain
(see pp82–3)
1598–1680 Life of Gian
Lorenzo Bernini, leading
architect and sculptor
of the Roman Baroque
1606–69 Life of
Rembrandt, greatest
1452–1519 Life of Leonardo of the 17th-century
da Vinci, multi-talented Dutch masters
Renaissance genius. There are
two versions of his Virgin of
the Rocks: one in the Louvre, 1661 Enlargement of French
Paris (see pp158–60), and royal palace at Versailles
one in the British Museum, (see pp168–9) begins
London (see pp60–61)
1675–1710 Building of
1475–1564 Life of painter, sculptor, Christopher Wren’s St. Paul’s
and architect Michelangelo Cathedral in London (see p66)
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