Page 41 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Europe

THE HIST OR Y OF EUROPE  39

1989 Collapse of
Communism in
Eastern Europe.
Poland, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, and
other countries oust
Communist rulers.
Reopening of Berlin Wall
1914 Outbreak of World War I. Millions leads to reunification
die as trench warfare along Western of Germany in 1990
Front reaches stalemate
1939 Outbreak of 1944 Normandy Landings. Allied
World War II. forces create second front, which
Germany overruns leads to eventual defeat of 1995 Membership of European
Poland, then, in Germany in 1945 Union reaches 15, with entry of
1940, France Sweden, Finland, and Austria
1949 Berlin Air Lift stops Russian
blockade of West Berlin
1918 Defeat of 2002 Introduction of common
Germany, following 1956 Hungarian uprising against currency, the euro, in 12 countries
American entry into Communist rule crushed by of the European Union
war in 1917 Russian tanks
2004 Ten more countries join
1936–9 Spanish 1957 Treaty of Rome: European the European Union
Civil War Economic Community marks
beginning of European Union
1933 Hitler comes 2007 Bulgaria and Romania
to power in 1968 Student join the European Union
Germany protests in France
and many other
parts of Europe
1919 Treaty of 2010 Five more
Versailles (1919) countries wait to
creates new states, 1973 join the EU
including Poland, Carnation 2013 Croatia joins the
Czechoslovakia, Revolution European Union
Hungary, and in Portugal
Finland
Age of Imperialism The European Union
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025
Art Nouveau Art Deco and Modernism
2012 The Shard opens in
1970 Post-Modernist art London, becoming the tallest
challenges viewers to building in the European Union
question “what is art?”
1999 Sir Norman Foster’s striking
additions to the old Reichstag
building in Berlin (see p502)

1937 Guernica painted by Pablo
Picasso in reaction to bombing of
Basque civilians in the Spanish Civil 1997 Astonishing sculptural forms
War. The painting is currently on used by American architect Frank
show at the Centro de Arte Reina Gehry for new Guggenheim Museum
Sofía, Madrid (see p281) in Bilbao (see p294)
1992 Barcelona Olympics. The city’s
1920s and 1930s The term Art Deco
is given to design and architecture glorious 20th-century buildings by
using modern materials and clean, Gaudí and others are restored and the
geometrical shapes old port is transformed (see pp296–305)
1977 Opening of the Centre Pompidou in Paris
1919 Foundation of Bauhaus in Weimar (see p153). The design by Renzo Piano, Richard
(see p515), which exerts worldwide Rogers, and Gianfranco Franchini places service
influence on architecture ducts and escalators on the outside of the building

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