Page 504 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

502 INDEX

Malta Channel 438 marsh wren 127 meroplankton 170, 214 Moloka‘i 468 multihulls, ocean yacht racing 57
Malta Plateau 438 Marshall Islands 161, 467 Mesozoic Molokai Fracture Zone 423, 457, Munidopsis serricornis 178
Malta Trough 438 Marshall Seamounts 457, 467 climate 46 468, 469 Munk, Walter (born 1917) 37
Malvinas current 59 marshes, as tidal barrier 105 giant marine reptiles 228 Molokini Island 49 Murex pecten 284
mammals 400–401 Marsili Seamount 438 Messina, Strait of 438 molting, arthropods 291 Murmansk Rise 427
anatomy and physiology 400 Martaban, Gulf of 450 Meta Incognita Peninsula 426 Molucca Sea 451, 465, 466, 472 Murray Fracture Zone 423, 457,
breeding 400 Martha’s Vineyard 431 metamorphic rock 42 Moluccas 451, 456, 465, 466, 472 468, 469
classification 209, 401 Martin Peninsula 484 meteorite impact crater, Mona Canyon 441 Murray Ridge 447, 449
conservation 400 Martin Vaz, Ilhas 442 Chesapeake Bay 116 Mona Passage 441 Murray River 121
exploitation 400 Martinique Passage 441 Meteosat satellite 187 Monachus monachus 404 Murray Seamount 459
feeding 400 Mascarene Basin 422, 446, 454, methane Mondego, Cabo 437 murre, common 14, 378–79,
Man, Isle of 432 455 cold seeps 189 monitor lizard 398
managed retreat 105 Mascarene Islands 454 as food source 179 mangrove 377 Mururoa 477
manatee Mascarene Plain 446, 454, 455 methane-fixing bacteria 189 water 134, 377 Musashi Banks 461
Antillean 132, 401 Mascarene Plateau 422, 446, 454, METOP-A 54 monkey mushroom coral 269
Florida 133 455 Metridium senile 267 proboscis 135 mushroom leather coral 264
importance of seagrass 146 Mascaret tidal bore 120 Mexico Basin 440 rhesus macaque 134 Musicians Seamounts 457, 468
West African 418 Masirah, Jazirat 449 Mexico, Gulf of 423, 428, 440 spider 132 Mussau Trench 466
West Indian 419 Masirah, Khalij 449 Michelson Ridge 466 monkfish see angler mussel
mandarin fish 337, 364 Masoala, Tanjona 454 microalgae 248 Mono Rise 441 common 280
Mangaia 476 mass extinction 228, 229 Micronesia 422, 456, 466, 467 Monodon monocerus 413 ribbed 127
manganese nodule 182 Mastigias 10–11 Mid-Atlantic Ridge 184, 185, monoplacophorans 279 mutualism 217, 292
mangrove Mastocarpus stellatus 245 423, 424, 428, 429, 430, 436, monsoon, Indian 54, 446, 450, Myctophum punctatum 347
black 130, 132, 135 Matagorda Bay 115 437, 442, 443, 482 473 Myrichthys colubrinus 343
button 130 Mathematicians Seamounts 457, Mid-Indian Basin 422, 447, 451, Monterey Bay 469 Myripristis vittata 352
red 130, 132 469 455 kelp forest 151 Mys Alevina 461
white 130, 132 Maud Rise 429 Mid-Indian Ridge 422, 446, 447, Monterey Canyon 469 Mys Aniva 461
mangrove brittlestar 131 Maui 468 455 Monterey Fan 469 Mys Enkan 461
mangrove jack 135 Mauna Loa volcano 112, 468 Mid-Ocean Canyon 429, 436 Montevideo 118 Mys Olyutorskiy 461
mangrove kingfisher see collared Maupihaa, Society Islands 161 Mid-Ocean Channel 423 Moon Mys Shipunskiy 461
kingfisher Maupiti, Society Islands 161 mid-ocean ridges 42, 174, 182, formation 40 Mys Sivuchiy 461
mangrove monitor 377 Mauritius 446, 455 185 influence on tides 78–79 Mys Taygonos 461
mangrove swamps 130–131 Mauritius Trench 454 creation of oceanic crust 48 moon jellyfish 262 Mys Terpeniya 461
biodiversity 131 mauve stinger 225, 263 and sea-level change 88 moon snail 217 Mys Tolstoy 461
formation 130 Mawsonite 226 Mid-Pacific Mountains 422, 456 moonfish see opah Mys Yelizavety 461
plants 130 Maxwell Fracture Zone 436 Mid-Pacific Seamounts 467, 468 Moonless Mountains 457, 469 Mys Yuzhnyy 461
mangroves Mayan Cichlid 133 Middle America Trench 423, 457, Moorea 476 Mytilus edulis 280
aerial roots 135 Mayotte 454 469, 478 Moorea, Society Islands 161 Myxine glutinosa 319
Gazi Bay 149 McClintock Channel 424, 426 Midway Islands 161, 457, 468 moray eel, chain 342
Madagascar 134 McClure Strait 424, 426 migration 220–21 Moray Firth 432
New Guinea 136–37 Mecklenburg Bay 433 birds 380 Morecambe Bay 127
as tsunami protection 134 Medina Bank 438 red crab 302, 303 Morelet’s crocodile 132 N
Manihiki Plateau 457, 476, 477 Mediterranean Basin, history 45 tracking 220 morning-glory, beach 252
Manila Trench 465 Mediterranean bath sponge 259 vertical 221 Mornington Abyssal Plain 423, Namibia Plain 429
Manjuari 133 Mediterranean monk seal 404 wedge-tailed shearwater 389 457, 483 Nankai Trough 464, 466
Mannar, Gulf of 450 Mediterranean red coral 266 whales 417 Moro Gulf 465, 466 Nansen Basin 422, 425
Mansel Island 426 jewelry 260 milkfish 339, 344 Moro Reef 468 Nansen Fracture Zone 424
Manson Bank 485 Mediterranean Ridge 439 Millennium Island 476 Morotai, Pulau 465, 466 Nansen, Fridjtof (1861–1930)
Manta birostris 335 Mediterranean Sea 422, 423, 429, Miller Seamount 459 Morris Jesup, Kap 425 201
manta ray 158, 160, 335 437, 438–39 milletseed butterflyfish 161 Morus bassanus 391 Nantucket Island 431
mantle depth 169 Milne Seamounts 436 mosaic sea star 308 Nares Plain 423, 429, 441
Earth 41 evolution 45 Minack Theatre 109 mosasaurs 228 Nares Strait 425, 426
convection cells 41, 42, 44 Mednyy Seamount 458, 461 Minami Daito Basin 464 Moskenstraumen see Lofoten Naruto Whirlpool 83
sampling 41 Mednyy, Ostrov 458 Minas Basin 126 Maelstrom narwhal 413
Manus Island 466, 472 medusae 260–61 Minch, The 432 Mosquito Bank 441 Nashville Seamount 441
Manus Trench 466, 472 Megachasma pelagios 328 Mindanao 465, 466 Mosquito Coast 441 Naso vlamingii 364
Mapmaker Seamounts 422, 456, Megalops atlanticus 341 Mindoro 465, 466 moss Nassau 476
467 Megamouth Shark 328 minerals golden dune 249 Natal Basin 422, 446, 454, 455
Maracá, Ilha de 442 Megaptera novaeangliae 408 hydrothermal vents 188 saltmarsh 249 Natator depressus 371
Maracaibo, Lake 441 Meghna delta 134 in seawater 32 seaside 249 National Oceanic and
Marajo Island 118 meiofauna 313 Minicoy Island 449 Southern beach 249 Atmospheric Administration,
Marajó, Ilha de 442 Melanesia 422, 456, 472–73 minke whale 409 mosses 249 hurricane monitoring 70
Maranhao Seamount 442 Melanesian Basin 422, 456, 467 Minorca 438 Mouchoir Passage 441 natterjack toad 125
Marcet, Alexander (1770–1822) Melanocetus johnsonii 351 Mirim Lagoon 117 Mount Desert Island 94 Natuna Sea 451, 465
32 Melita Bank 438 Mirounga angustirostris 405 Mount St. Helens, volcanic Natuna, Kepulauan 465
Marcus Island 466 Mellish Rise 473, 480 Mirtoo Pelagos 439 eruption 184, 459 Naturaliste Fracture Zone 447
Margarita, Isla de 441 Mellish Seamount 468 Mississippi Estuary 116 Mozambique Channel 422, 446, Naturaliste Plateau 447
Marguerite Bay 484 melting point, water 31 Mississippi Fan 440 454, 455 Naucrates ductor 360
Mariana Islands 467 melting, impact, early Earth 40 Mississippi Slope 440 Mozambique Escarpment 446, nautilus (cephalopod) 33, 288
Mariana Ridge 466 Melville Island 424, 426, 472 Mississippi-Alabama Shelf 440 482 Nautilus pompilius 288
Mariana Trench 169, 171, 183, Melville Peninsula 424, 426 Mitsukurina owstoni 329 Mozambique Plateau 422, 446, Nautilus, (US submarine) 199
422, 456, 466, 467 Melville Trough 424, 426 mixed estuary 114 454 Navarin, Mys 458
Marie Byrd Land 485 Menard Fracture Zone 423, 457, Mnemiopsis leidyi 317 mud Navarino, Isla 444
Marie Celeste Fracture Zone 483 moai, Easter Island 479 bioturbation 313 navigation
447, 455 Mendaña Fracture Zone 423, Moeraki Beach 112 seabed 144 animal 221
marine otter 402 457, 479 Mohéli 454 mud dragon 316 whales 417
marine skater 292, 304 Mendeleyev Plain 424 Mohns Ridge 425 mud-shrimp, Bay of Fundy 126 Nazareth Bank 454
marine terraces 89, 103 Mendeleyev Ridge 422, 424 Mohorovicic discontinuity mudflats 124 Nazca Plate 478, 479
marine-deposition coasts 93 Mendocino Fracture Zone 423, (Moho) 42 Alaskan 129 Nazca Ridge 423, 457, 479
Marmara, Sea of 439 457, 468, 469 Mola mola 367 Guérande 128 Neanthes virens 275
Marquesas Fracture Zone 423, Mendoza Rise 479 molecules, water 30–31 Minas Basin 126 neap tides 79
457, 477 Mentawai Basin 451 mollusks 276–79 Morecambe Bay 127 Near Islands 458
Marquesas Islands 423, 457, 477 Mentawai Ridge 451 anatomy 276 Saemangeum Wetlands 129 nearshore 106
marram grass 107, 109, 113, 243, Mentawai Trough 451 classification 208, 279 The Wash 128 Nebrius ferrugineus 327
251 Mentawai, Kepulauan 451 feeding 278 Wadden Sea 127 Necker Island 468
marsh elder 127 merganser, red-breasted 381 lifecycles 279 see also common glasswort Necker Ridge 468
marsh harrier 128 Mergui Terrace 450 movement 277 mudskipper 135 needle rush 127
marsh periwinkle 127 Mergus serrator 381 reproduction 279 Muelleriella crassifolia 249 needlefish, hound 352
marsh samphire see common meristem 233 respiration 277 Muertos Trough 441 Needles Overfalls 82
glasswort mermaid’s wineglass 247 sense organs 277 multi-year ice 198 Negros 465, 466