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Immunology ` Immunology—ImmunoSuppreSSantS Immunology ` Immunology—ImmunoSuppreSSantS SECTIon II 121

Immunosuppression targets

CD4 Daclizumab
– Basiliximab

FKBP +
CD3 TCR Tacrolimus FKBP + IL-2R Azathioprine
Sirolimus
– (rapamycin)
Cyclophilin + 6–MP
Cyclosporine – Calcineurin – Mycophenolate
NFAT–P NFAT mTOR –
–
PRPP
IMP amidotransferase
dehydrogenase
Proliferation
Glucocorticoids genes
Purine
T HELPER – – nucleotides
CELL
NF–κB De novo
NFAT Inflammatory purine
cytokine genes synthesis
DNA replication

Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses
cytoKIne agent clInIcal uSeS
Bone marrow stimulation
Erythropoietin Epoetin alfa (EPO analog) Anemias (especially in renal failure)
Colony stimulating Filgrastim (G-CSF), Sargramostim (GM-CSF) Leukopenia; recovery of granulocyte and
factors monocyte counts
Thrombopoietin Romiplostim (TPO analog), eltrombopag (TPO Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
receptor agonist) Platelet stimulator
Immunotherapy
Interleukin-2 Aldesleukin Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
Interferons IFN-α Chronic hepatitis C (not preferred) and B, renal
cell carcinoma
IFN-β Multiple sclerosis
IFN-γ Chronic granulomatous disease

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