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Pharmacology ` PHARMACOLOGY—TOXICITIES ANd SIdE EFFECTS Pharmacology ` PHARMACOLOGY—TOXICITIES ANd SIdE EFFECTS SEcTIoN II 251

Drug reactions—neurologic
dRUG REACTION CAUSAL AGENTS NOTES
Cinchonism Quinidine, quinine Can present with tinnitus, hearing/vision loss,
psychosis, and cognitive impairment
Parkinson-like Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide Cogwheel rigidity of ARM
syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy Isoniazid, phenytoin, platinum agents (eg,
cisplatin), vincristine

Idiopathic intracranial Growth hormones, tetracyclines, vitamin A
hypertension
Seizures Isoniazid, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, With seizures, I BITE my tongue
Tramadol, Enflurane
Tardive dyskinesia Antipsychotics, metoclopramide
Visual disturbance Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes), These Drugs Irritate Very Precious Eyes
Digoxin (yellow-tinged vision), Isoniazid (optic
neuritis), Vigabatrin (bilateral visual field
defects), PDE-5 inhibitors (blue-tinged vision),
Ethambutol (color vision changes)

Drug reactions—renal/genitourinary
dRUG REACTION CAUSAL AGENTS NOTES
Fanconi syndrome Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines,
tenofovir

Hemorrhagic cystitis Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide Prevent by coadministering with mesna
Interstitial nephritis Diuretics (Pee), NSAIDs (Pain-free), Penicillins Remember the 5 P’s
and cephalosporins, PPIs, rifamPin, and sulfa
drugs

Drug reactions—respiratory
dRUG REACTION CAUSAL AGENTS NOTES
Dry cough ACE inhibitors
Pulmonary fibrosis Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin, Carmustine, My Nose Cannot Breathe Bad Air
Bleomycin, Busulfan, Amiodarone

Drug reactions—multiorgan
dRUG REACTION CAUSAL AGENTS NOTES
Antimuscarinic Atropine, TCAs, H 1 -blockers, antipsychotics
Disulfiram-like reaction 1st-generation Sulfonylureas, Procarbazine, Sorry Pals, Can’t Go Mingle
certain Cephalosporins, Griseofulvin,
Metronidazole
Nephrotoxicity/ Loop diuretics, Aminoglycosides, cisPlatin, Listen And Pee Very TERriBly
ototoxicity Vancomycin, amphoTERicin B Cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine

FAS1_2019_05-Pharmacology.indd 251 11/7/19 4:08 PM