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252 SEcTIoN II Pharmacology ` PHARMACOLOGY—TOXICITIES ANd SIdE EFFECTS Pharmacology ` PHARMACOLOGY—MISCELLANEOUS

Drugs affecting pupil size
 pupil size  pupil size
Anticholinergics (eg, atropine, TCAs, Sympatholytics (eg, α 2 -agonists)
tropicamide, scopolamine, antihistamines)
Drugs of abuse (eg, amphetamines, cocaine, Drugs of abuse (eg, heroin/opioids)
LSD), meperidine
Sympathomimetics Parasympathomimetics (eg, pilocarpine),
organophosphates

Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected)
Inducers (+) Substrates Inhibitors (–)
Modafinil Warfarin Sodium valproate
Chronic alcohol use Anti-epileptics Isoniazid
St. John’s wort Theophylline Cimetidine
Phenytoin OCPs Ketoconazole
Phenobarbital Fluconazole
Nevirapine Acute alcohol abuse
Rifampin Chloramphenicol
Griseofulvin Erythromycin/clarithromycin
Carbamazepine Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
Amiodarone
Ritonavir
Grapefruit juice

Most chronic alcoholics War Against The OCPs SICKFACES.COM (when
Steal Phen-Phen and Never I Am Really drinking
Refuse Greasy Carbs Grapefruit juice)

Sulfa drugs Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Scary Sulfa Pharm FACTS
Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide,
Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonylureas.
Patients with sulfa allergies may develop
fever, urinary tract infection, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, acute
interstitial nephritis, and urticaria (hives).

FAS1_2019_05-Pharmacology.indd 252 11/7/19 4:08 PM